Glucosyl stevia composition
Glucosyl stevia compositions are prepared from steviol glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. The glucosylation was performed by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase using the starch as source of glucose residues. The short-chain glucosyl stevia compositions were purified to >95% content of total steviol glycosides. The compositions can be used as sweetness enhancers, flavor enhancers and sweeteners in foods, beverages, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
1. A process for producing a glucosyl stevia composition, comprising the steps of:
adding starch into water to form a starch suspension;
adding a first hydrolyzing enzyme comprising a mixture of α-amylase and CGTase into the starch suspension and incubating for about 0.5 to 5 hours at about 70-90° C., resulting in a liquefied starch suspension;
inactivating the α-amylase by low pH heat treatment;
adding steviol glycosides into the liquefied starch suspension, resulting in a reaction mixture; and
adding a transglucosylation enzyme into the reaction mixture and incubating for about 24-48 hours at about 65° C. to transglucosylate the steviol glycosides, resulting in a glucosyl stevia composition comprising steviol glycoside derivatives having one or more α-1,4-glucosyl residues.
2. The process according to claim 1 , further including a step of adding a second hydrolyzing enzyme to hydrolyze one or more α-1,4-glucosyl residues following the transglucosylation step.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the second hydrolyzing enzyme comprises β-amylase.
4. The process according to claim 2 , wherein hydrolysis with the second hydrolyzing enzyme is carried out at a temperature of about 35-55° C., for a duration of about 12-16 hours.
5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein after the second hydrolyzing enzyme treatment, the glucosylated derivatives of steviol glycosides have four or less α-glucosyl residues.
6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein after the second hydrolyzing enzyme treatment, the glucosylated derivatives of steviol glycosides have two or less α-glucosyl residues.
7. The process according to claim 2 , wherein after the second hydrolyzing enzyme treatment, the glucosylated derivatives of steviol glycosides have one α-glucosyl residue.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of α-amylase and CGTase comprises about 0.001-0.2 KNU of α-amylase per one unit of CGTase.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the CGTase is produced by cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transglucosylation enzyme comprises CGTase.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the transglucosylating CGTase comprises about 0.2-4 units of CGTase per gram of solids.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the added steviol glycoside:starch ratio is about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1 by weight.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the added steviol glycosides are selected from the group consisting of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, steviolbioside, rubusoside, as well as other steviol glycosides found in Stevia rebaudiana plant and mixtures thereof.
14. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of decolorizing the glucosyl stevia composition.
15. The process according to claim 14 , wherein the decolorizing is performed using activated carbon or membrane filtration.
16. The process according to claim 1 further comprising a step of desalting the glucosyl stevia composition.
17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the desalting is performed by ion exchange resins or membrane filtration.
18. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of removing maltooligosaccharides from the glucosyl stevia composition.
19. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising concentrating and drying the glucosyl stevia composition.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the glucosyl stevia composition has at least about 95% total steviol glycosides on an anhydrous basis.
21. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the glycosyl stevia composition comprises greater than about 67% by weight mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-glucosylated steviol glycosides.
22. A composition comprising the glucosyl stevia composition made by the process of claim 1 , and an additional sweetening agent selected from the group consisting of: stevia extract, steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, steviolbioside, rubusoside, other steviol glycosides found in Stevia rebaudiana plant and mixtures thereof, Luo Han Guo extract, mogrosides, high-fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, invert sugar, fructooligosaccharides, inulin, inulooligosaccharides, coupling sugar, maltooligosaccharides, maltodextrins, corn syrup solids, glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, sugar alcohols, and a combination thereof.
23. A flavor composition comprising the glucosyl stevia composition made by the process of claim 1 , and an additional flavoring agent selected from the group consisting but not limited to: lemon, orange, fruity, banana, grape, pear, pineapple, mango, bitter almond, cola, cinnamon, sugar, cotton candy, vanilla, and a combination thereof
24. A food ingredient comprising the glucosyl stevia composition made by the process of claim 1 , and an additional food ingredient selected from the group consisting of: acidulants, organic and amino acids, coloring agents, bulking agents, modified starches, gums, texturizers, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners, gelling agents, and a combination thereof.
25. A food, beverage, cosmetic or pharmaceutical product comprising the glucosyl stevia composition made by the process of claim 1 .