Assembly and method for reducing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in exhausts of internal combustion engines
View Patent ↗An assembly and method for reducing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in exhausts of internal combustion engines, wherein the exhaust is acted upon in a first stage catalytic converter. A first portion of the first stage catalytic converter output is cooled and a second portion of the catalytic converter output is not cooled. The cooled and not cooled exhausts are united and directed to a second stage catalytic converter. Air is injected into a selected one of (1) the not cooled exhaust prior to the juncture thereof with the cooled exhaust, and (2) the combined cooled and not cooled exhausts after the juncture thereof.
1. A method of operating a catalytic system for reducing emissions from a rich burn spark-ignited engine, comprising:
controlling intake air and fuel (AFR) to produce first exhaust gases substantially free of oxygen;
passing said first exhaust gases into a first-stage catalyst chamber containing a three-way catalyst (TWC), which minimizes NOx content by reducing NOx (to N 2 and O 2 ) to form second exhaust gases;
cooling said second exhaust gases to 390-520° F.;
increasing an oxygen content of said second exhaust gases to about 0.25-1.0%;
passing said cooled exhaust gases into a second-stage catalyst chamber containing a catalyst that minimizes CO content by oxidizing CO to CO 2 .
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the engine is a stationary engine in a combined heat and power (CHP) application.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising cooling said second exhaust gases to 390-420° F.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein emissions of NOx exiting the first stage catalyst chamber are less than 3.7 ppm (at 15% O 2 ), and emissions of CO exiting the second stage catalyst chamber are less than 8.9 ppm (at 15% O 2 ), said emissions based on time-average data taken over an extended interval.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the AFR is provided using a gaseous fuel/air mixer, a computer controlled fuel valve, and gaseous fuel is provided to the fuel/air mixer at atmospheric pressure.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said gaseous fuel is Natural Gas.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling said second exhaust comprises water-cooling said second exhaust.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling said second exhaust comprises passing said second exhaust across cooling coils.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling said second exhaust comprises passing said second exhaust into a cooling vaporization facility.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing an air source into said second exhaust to increase said oxygen content.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising injecting air into said second exhaust.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said air injecting occurs after said cooling.
13. The method of claim 11 , said cooling comprising:
dividing said second exhaust into a first stream and a bypass stream;
cooling said first stream to a first temperature;
combining said first and bypass streams to form a combined exhaust stream, said combined exhaust stream having a temperature Tmix between 390-520° F.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said first temperature is approximately 280° F.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising adjusting a flow rate of at least one of said first stream and said bypass stream to control said temperature Tmix.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said flow rate is adjusted with a mixing valve in fluid communication with said first stream and said bypass stream.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein said cooling said first stream comprising passing said first stream across cooling coils.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein said cooling said first stream comprising passing said first stream into a cooling vaporization facility.
19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising introducing an air source into said first stream to increase said oxygen content.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising injecting air into said first stream.