Three way catalyst comprising extruded solid body
View Patent ↗A three way catalyst includes an extruded solid body having by weight: 10-100% of at least one binder/matrix component; 5-90% of a zeolitic molecular sieve, a non-zeolitic molecular sieve or a mixture of any two or more thereof; and 0-80% optionally stabilised ceria. The catalyst also includes at least one precious metal and optionally at least one non-precious metal, wherein: (i) the at least one precious metal is carried in one or more coating layer(s) on the body surface; (ii) at least one metal is present throughout the body and at least one precious metal is carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a body surface; or (iii) at least one metal is present throughout the body, is present in a higher concentration at a body surface, and at least one precious metal is carried in one or more coating layer(s) on the body surface.
1. A three-way catalyst comprising an extruded solid body comprising:
10-95% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component;
5-90% by weight of an aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of 10 to 150; and
0-80% by weight optionally stabilised ceria,
which catalyst comprising at least two precious metals selected from the group consisting of Pd, Ag, and Rh and optionally at least one non-precious metal, wherein:
(i) Pd and Rh are carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface of the extruded solid body;
(ii) at least one of Pd and Ag is present throughout the extruded solid body and Pd and Rh are carried in one or more coating layer(s) on a surface of the extruded solid body; or
(iii) at least one of Pd and Ag is present throughout the extruded solid body, at least one of Pd and Ag is present in a higher concentration at a surface of the extruded solid body and Pd and Rh are carried in one or more coating layer(s) on the surface of the extruded solid body.
2. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one of Pd and Ag is present throughout the extruded solid body and is associated with the aluminosilicate zeolite.
3. A catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the extruded solid body further comprises at least one metal that is not associated with the aluminosilicate zeolite.
4. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein: the at least one binder/matrix component is selected from the group consisting of cordierite, nitrides, carbides, borides, intermetallics, lithium aluminosilicate, an optionally doped alumina, a silica source, titania, zirconia, titania-zirconia, zircon and mixtures of any two or more thereof; and the aluminosilicate zeolite optionally contains one or more metal; and the extruded solid body further comprises: 0-80% by weight of spinel; and 0-25% by weight inorganic fibres.
5. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the extruded solid body consists essentially of: the at least one binder/matrix component; the aluminosilicate zeolite in an amount of 50-90% by weight; and 0-25% by weight of inorganic fibres, wherein the at least one binder/matrix component is selected from the group consisting of cordierite, nitrides, carbides, borides, intermetallics, lithium aluminosilicate, a spinel, an optionally doped alumina, a source of silica, titania, zirconia, titania-zirconia, zircon and mixtures of any two or more thereof; the aluminosilicate zeolite optionally contains one or more metal.
6. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the extruded solid body consists essentially of: the at least one binder/matrix component; the aluminosilicate zeolite in an amount of 5-50% by weight; the optionally stabilised ceria in an amount of 20-80% by weight; and 0-25% by weight of inorganic fibres, wherein the at least one binder/matrix component is selected from the group consisting of a cordierite, nitrides, carbides, borides, intermetallics, lithium aluminosilicate, an optionally doped alumina, a spinel, a silica source, titania, zirconia, titania-zirconia, zircon and mixtures of any two or more thereof; the zeolitic molecular sieve, the aluminosilicate zeolite optionally contains one or more metal.
7. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 in the form of a wall-flow filter.
8. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 comprising the extruded solid body in the flow-through configuration, wherein the extruded solid body consists essentially of:
the at least one binder/matrix component;
the aluminosilicate zeolite in an amount of 50-81% by weight; and 0-20% by weight of inorganic fibres,
wherein
the at least one binder/matrix component comprises 15-30% by weight of cordierite, nitrides, carbides, borides, intermetallics, lithium aluminosilicate, a spinel, an optionally doped alumina, titania, zirconia, titania-zirconia, zircon and mixtures of any two or more thereof and 0-20% by weight of a source of silica;
the aluminosilicate zeolite optionally contains one or more metal; and
the extruded solid catalyst body is coated with a single layer comprising a mixture of γ-alumina and a stabilised ceria supporting Pd and Rh.
9. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate zeolite is selected from the group consisting of ZSM-5, beta, ferrierite and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
10. A three-way catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises the at least one non-precious metal and the at least one non-precious metal is associated with the aluminosilicate zeolite.
11. A three-way catalyst according to claim 10 , wherein the or each at least one non-precious metal associated with the aluminosilicate zeolite is selected from the group consisting of a transition metal, a lanthanide or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
12. A three-way catalyst according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one non-precious metal is Cu.
13. A three-way catalysed soot filter comprising an extruded solid body in the wall-flow filter configuration, the extruded solid catalyst body consisting essentially of:
15-70% by weight of cordierite, nitrides, carbides, borides, intermetallics, lithium aluminosilicate, a spinel, an optionally doped alumina, titania, zirconia, titania-zirconia, zircon and mixtures of any two or more thereof; 0-20% by weight of a source of silica;
5-50% by weight of an aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of 10 to 150, optionally containing one or more metal;
20-80% by weight optionally stabilised ceria; and
0-20% by weight of inorganic fibres,
the extruded solid catalyst body being coated with one or more layer(s) comprising supported Pd and Rh.
14. A method of treating exhaust gas emissions from internal combustion engines from a stationary source or a vehicle, wherein said exhaust gas has HC, CO, and NO X , which method comprising oxidizing the HC and CO and reducing the NO by contacting the exhaust gas with a three-way catalyst according to claim 1 .
15. An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, which exhaust system comprising a three-way catalyst according to claim 1 .
16. A three-way catalyst comprising:
an extruded solid body comprising
10-95% by weight of at least one binder/matrix component;
5-90% by weight of an aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of 10 to 150; and
0-80% by weight optionally stabilised ceria, and
one or more coating layers on a surface of the extruded solid body, the
one or more coating layers comprising Pd and Rh.
17. The three-way catalyst of claim 16 , wherein the extruded solid body further comprises Pd throughout the extruded solid body.
18. The three-way catalyst of claim 17 , wherein the extruded solid body further comprises Ag throughout the extruded solid body.
19. The three-way catalyst of claim 18 , wherein at least one of the Pd and Ag is present in a higher concentration at a surface of the extruded solid body.
20. The three-way catalyst of claim 16 , wherein the extruded solid body further comprises Ag throughout the extruded solid body.
21. The three-way catalyst of claim 20 , wherein the Ag is present in a higher concentration at a surface of the extruded solid body.
22. The three-way catalyst of claim 16 , wherein the one or more coating layer(s) further comprises a mixed oxide of ceria-zirconia for supporting the Pd and Rh.