Carbon material for nonaqueous secondary battery, negative electrode using carbon material and nonaqueous secondary battery

1. A carbon material for a nonaqueous secondary battery, which satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3):

(1) the Raman R value represented by the following formula 1 is from 0.01 to 1:

Raman R value=Intensity I B of peak P B at 1360 cm −1 in Raman spectrum analysis/Intensity I A of peak P A at 1580 cm −1 in Raman spectrum analysis;

(2) the N/C represented by the following formula 2 is from 0.05% to 2%:

N/C (%)=[N atom concentration calculated based on peak area of N1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis/C atom concentration calculated based on peak area of C1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis]×100;

and

(3) the S/C represented by the following formula 3 is from 0.05% to 2%:

S/C (%)=[S atom concentration calculated based on peak area of S2s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis/C atom concentration calculated based on peak area of C1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis]×100.

2. The carbon material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon material has a multilayer structure and comprises graphite particles covered with amorphous carbon.

3. The carbon material of claim 2 , wherein the graphite particles comprise natural graphite.

4. The carbon material of claim 2 , wherein the Raman R value represented by the following formula 1 of the graphite particles is from 0.05 to 1.

5. The carbon material of claim 2 , wherein the tap density of the graphite particles is from 0.7 g/cm 3 to 1.20 g/cm 3 .

6. A method for producing complex graphite particles (C) for a nonaqueous secondary battery, the method comprising:

mixing graphite particles (A) and an organic compound (B); and

carbonizing the organic compound (B),

wherein an amount of a quinoline insoluble component in the organic compound (B) is 1% by mass or more wherein a carbon powder obtained by calcining and carbonizing the organic compound (B) at 1000° C. and then pulverizing for 30 seconds in the atmosphere with a rapid oscillation-type sample mill, satisfies the following conditions (I) to (IV);

(I) the N/C represented by the following formula 2 is from 0.27% to 2%

N/C (%)=[N atom concentration calculated based on peak area of N1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis/C atom concentration calculated based on peak area of C1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis]×100,

(II) the S/C represented by the following formula 3 is 0.02% or more and 2% or less,

S/C (%)=[S atom concentration calculated based on peak area of S2s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis/C atom concentration calculated based on peak area of C1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis]×100,  Formula 3:

(III) the spacing of the 002 plane (d002) by X-ray wide-angle diffraction is from 0.345 nm to 0.36 nm, and

(IV) the crystallite size Lc (004) is from 0.1 nm to 20 nm.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein an amount of a toluene insoluble component in the organic compound (B) is 16% by mass or more.

8. A carbon material for a nonaqueous secondary battery, which comprises the complex graphite particles (C) for a nonaqueous secondary battery obtained by the production method as described in claim 6 .

9. A negative electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery, which comprises a current collector and an active material layer formed on the current collector, wherein the active material layer includes the carbon material for a nonaqueous secondary battery described in claim 1 .

10. A lithium ion secondary battery which comprises: a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ion; and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode is the negative electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery as described in claim 9 .

11. A carbon material for a nonaqueous secondary battery, which satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3):

(1) the Raman R value represented by the following formula 1 is from 0.01 to:

Raman R value=Intensity I B of peak P B at 1360 cm −1 in Raman spectrum analysis/Intensity I A of peak P A at 1580 cm −1 in Raman spectrum analysis;

(2) the N/C represented by the following formula 2 is from 0.05% to 2%:

N/C (%)=[N atom concentration calculated based on peak area of N1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis/C atom concentration calculated based on peak area of C1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis]×100;

and

(3) the S/C represented by the following formula 3 is from 0.05% to 2%:

S/C (%)=[S atom concentration calculated based on peak area of S2s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis/C atom concentration calculated based on peak area of C1s spectrum in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis]×100,

wherein the carbon material is obtained by the method comprising:

mixing graphite particles (A) and an organic compound (B); and

carbonizing the organic compound (B),

wherein an amount of a quinoline insoluble component in the organic compound (B) is 1% by mass or more.