Densified waste form and method for forming
Materials and methods of making densified waste forms for temperature sensitive waste material, such as nuclear waste, formed with low temperature processing using metallic powder that forms the matrix that encapsulates the temperature sensitive waste material. The densified waste form includes a temperature sensitive waste material in a physically densified matrix, the matrix is a compacted metallic powder. The method for forming the densified waste form includes mixing a metallic powder and a temperature sensitive waste material to form a waste form precursor. The waste form precursor is compacted with sufficient pressure to densify the waste precursor and encapsulate the temperature sensitive waste material in a physically densified matrix.
1. A densified waste form comprising:
a temperature sensitive waste material containing iodine in a physically densified matrix, the matrix being a compacted metallic powder;
wherein the compacted metallic powder is compacted at a temperature below the vaporization temperature of the temperature sensitive material; and
wherein the temperature below the vaporization temperature is ambient temperature.
2. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the metallic powder includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, gold, silver, copper and combinations thereof.
3. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the physically densified matrix has a density of equal to or greater than 80% by volume.
4. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the physically densified matrix has a density of equal to or greater than 90% by volume.
5. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the physically densified matrix has a density of equal to or greater than 95% by volume.
6. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensitive waste material containing iodine comprises an iodine-loaded material selected from the group consisting of AgI, AgI-zeolite, Ag-silica aerogel, ZnI 2 , CuI, a bismuth-oxy-iodine compound, an iodine-loaded metal-organic framework, and combinations thereof.
7. The densified waste form of claim 6 , wherein the iodine-loaded material comprises radioactive iodine.
8. The densified waste form of claim 6 , wherein the AgI is homogeneously distributed throughout the waste form.
9. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensitive waste material is up to 20% by weight of the densified waste form.
10. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensitive waste material is up to 30% by weight of the densified waste form.
11. The densified waste form of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensitive waste material is up to 50% by weight of the densified waste form.
12. The densified waste form of claim 1 , further comprising a coating, encapsulating or cladding material.
13. A method of forming a densified waste form, comprising:
a) mixing a metallic powder and a temperature sensitive waste material containing iodine to form a waste form precursor;
b) compacting the waste form precursor with sufficient pressure to densify the waste form precursor to encapsulate the temperature sensitive waste material in a physically densified matrix; and
wherein the temperature below the vaporization temperature is ambient temperature.
14. The method of forming a densified waste form of claim 13 , further comprising, prior to mixing, capturing a temperature sensitive waste material with an adsorbant, forming a temperature sensitive waste material.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the metallic powder includes a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, gold, silver, copper and combinations thereof.
16. The densified waste form of claim 13 , wherein the metallic powder includes tin.
17. The method of forming a densified waste form of claim 13 , wherein the temperature sensitive waste material containing iodine is selected from the group consisting of AgI, AgI-zeolite, Ag-silica aerogel, ZnI 2 , CuI, a bismuth-oxy-iodine compound, an iodine-loaded metal-organic framework, and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the iodine-loaded material comprises radioactive iodine.
19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising coating, cladding or encapsulating the densified waste form precursor.