Inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter 1

1. A compound of the formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, dimer or trimer thereof, wherein:

R 1 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C 1-10 -alkyl, C 1-5 -cycloalkyl, or 5-membered heterocycle, which optional substitution is with one or more R 1A ;

each R 1A is independently amino, ester, amide, thiol, carboxylic acid, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, or optionally substituted C 1-4 -alkoxy, C 1-5 -cycloalkyl, or 5-membered heterocycle, which optional substitution is with one or more R 1B ;

each R 1B is independently C 1-4 -alkyl, halo, or hydroxyl;

n is 0, 1, or 2;

each R 2 is independently F or OR 2A , wherein each R 2A is independently hydrogen, C 1-4 -alkyl, or acyl;

each R 3 is independently halo, hydroxyl, or optionally substituted C 1-10 -alkyl or C 1-10 -alkoxy, which optional substitution is with one or more R 3A ;

each R 3A is independently amino, ester, amide, thiol, carboxylic acid, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, or optionally substituted C 1-4 -alkoxy, C 1-5 -cycloalkyl, or 5-membered heterocycle, which optional substitution is with one or more R 3B ;

each R 3B is independently C 1-4 -alkyl, amino, cyano, halo, or hydroxyl;

p is 0, 1, or 2;

each R 4 is independently R 4A , —N(R 4A )(R 4B ), —OR 4A , —SR 4A , —S(O)R 4A , or —S(O) 2 R 4A ;

R 4A is:

—C 1-10 -alkyl-N(R 4C ) 2 ;

—C 1-10 -alkyl-N(R 4C )C(O)R 4C ;

—C 1-10 -alkyl-C(O)N(R 4C ) 2 ;

—C 1-10 -alkyl-C(O)N(R 4C )-C 0-6 -alkyl-C(O)R 4C ;

—C 1-10 -alkyl-C(O)N(R 4C )-C 0-6 -alkyl-C(O)N(R 4C ) 2 ;

—C 1-10 -alkyl-N(R 4C )C(O)-C 0-6 -alkyl-N(R 4C ) 2 ; or

—C 1-10 -alkyl-N(R 4C )C(O)-C 0-6 -alkyl-N(R 4C )C(O)R 4C ;

R 4B is hydrogen or R 4A ;

each R 4C is independently amino, amido, azo, carbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halo, hydroxyl, imido, imino, isothiocyanate, nitrile, nitro, nitroso, nitroxy, oxo, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, thial, thiocyanate, thione, thiourea, urea, or X 1 , X 1 -L 1 -X 2 , or X 1 -L 1 -X 2 -L 2 -X 3 , wherein each of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 is independently optionally substituted C 1-4 -alkyl, C 1-6 -cycloalkyl, 5- or 6-membered heterocycle, or aryl, which optional substitution is with one or more R 4D , and each of L 1 and L 2 is independently optionally substituted C 1-6 -alkyl or 1-10-membered heteroalkyl, which optional substitution is with one or more of R 4E ;

each R 4D is independently R 4E or C 1-6 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more of R 4E ;

each R 4E is independently amino, amido, azo, carbonyl, carboxyl, cyano, formyl, guanidino, halo, hydroxyl, imido, imino, isothiocyanate, nitrile, nitro, nitroso, nitroxy, oxo, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, thial, thiocyanate, thione, or urea; and

m is 1, 2 or 3.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is optionally substituted C 1-4 -alkyl.

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein n is 0.

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is OR 2A .

5. The compound of claim 4 , wherein at least one R 2A is hydrogen.

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is optionally substituted C 1-4 -alkyl.

7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is halo.

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is optionally substituted C 1-4 -alkoxy.

9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein p is 1.

10. The compound of claim 1 , which is of the formula:

11. The compound of claim 10 , which is of the formula:

12. The compound of claim 11 , wherein R 1 is C 1-4 -alkyl.

13. The compound of claim 11 , wherein R 3 is methyl.

14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or diluent.

15. A method of treating or managing a disease or disorder, which comprises administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition of claim 1 , which disease or disorder is a cardiovascular or metabolic disease or disorder.