SECONDARY BATTERY-USE ACTIVE MATERIAL, SECONDARY BATTERY-USE ELECTRODE, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY PACK, ELECTRIC VEHICLE, ELECTRIC POWER STORAGE SYSTEM, ELECTRIC POWER TOOL, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

1 . A secondary battery comprising:

a cathode;

an anode; and

an electrolytic solution, wherein

the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of manganese (Mn) in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of lithium (Li) in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), barium (Ba), boron (B), silicon (Si), and iron (Fe); and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

2 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the M in the Formula (1) is one or more of Al, Mg, and Ti.

3 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the a in the Formula (1) satisfies 0.1<a<0.25.

4 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein

the anode contains a metal-based material, and

the metal-based material includes Si or tin (Sn) or both as constituent elements.

5 . The secondary battery according to claim 4 , wherein the metal-based material includes a silicon oxide represented by SiO v (0.2<v<1.4).

6 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein charge is performed until a voltage reaches a value equal to or larger than about 4.4 V (to lithium metal).

7 . The secondary battery according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery.

8 . A secondary battery-use electrode, the secondary battery-use electrode including a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1), wherein

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

9 . A secondary battery-use active material, the secondary battery-use active material including a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1), wherein

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

10 . A battery pack comprising:

a secondary battery;

a control section configured to control operation of the secondary battery; and

a switch section configured to switch the operation of the secondary battery according to an instruction of the control section, wherein

the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,

the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

11 . An electric vehicle comprising:

a secondary battery;

a conversion section configured to convert electric power supplied from the secondary battery into drive power;

a drive section configured to operate according to the drive power; and

a control section configured to control operation of the secondary battery, wherein

the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,

the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

12 . An electric power storage system comprising:

a secondary battery;

one or more electric devices configured to be supplied with electric power from the secondary battery; and

a control section configured to control the supplying of the electric power from the secondary battery to the one or more electric devices, wherein

the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,

the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

13 . An electric power tool comprising:

a secondary battery; and

a movable section configured to be supplied with electric power from the secondary battery, wherein

the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,

the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.

14 . An electronic apparatus comprising a secondary battery as an electric power supply source, wherein

the secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution,

the cathode includes a lithium-containing compound, the lithium-containing compound having an average composition represented by a following Formula (1),

the lithium-containing compound includes a central section and a surface section,

a molar ratio b1 of Mn in the surface section is larger than a molar ratio b2 of Mn in the central section,

a molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section is smaller than a molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section, and

a ratio 1+a1/1+a2 between the molar ratio 1+a1 of Li in the surface section and the molar ratio 1+a2 of Li in the central section satisfies 0.5<1+a1/1+a2<1,

Li 1+a (Mn b Co c Ni 1-b-c ) 1−a M d O 2-e   (1)

where M is one or more of Al, Mg, Zr, Ti, Ba, B, Si, and Fe; and a to e satisfy 0<a<0.25, 0.5≦b<0.7, 0≦c<1−b, 0≦d≦1, and 0≦e≦1.