Peripheral arterialization devices and methods of using the same
Peripheral arterialization devices and methods of using the same. In an exemplary embodiment of a catheter for facilitating venous arterialization of the present disclosure, the catheter comprises an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end and having a lumen defined therethrough along a longitudinal length of the elongated body, the elongated body configured to attach to a graft at or near the proximal end of the elongated body and further configured to permit fluid to flow through the graft, through the lumen, and out of one or more apertures defined within the elongated body at or near the distal end to facilitate venous arterialization upon at least partial implantation of the catheter into a vein of a patient.
1. A catheter for facilitating venous arterialization, comprising:
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end and having a lumen defined therethrough along a longitudinal length of the elongated body, the elongated body configured to attach to a graft at or near the proximal end of the elongated body and further configured to permit fluid to flow through the graft, through the lumen, and out of one or more apertures defined within the elongated body at or near the distal end to facilitate venous arterialization upon at least partial implantation of the catheter into a vein of a patient;
wherein the catheter further comprises one or more nodes defined along the longitudinal length of the catheter, the one or more nodes configured to at least partially occlude the vein when at least part of the catheter is implanted therein; and
wherein a first node of the one or more nodes is located proximal to the one or more apertures and has a first resorption rate, wherein a second node of the one or more nodes is located proximal to the first of the one or more nodes and has a second resorption rate, wherein the first resorption rate is faster than the second resorption rate.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the elongated body further comprises a balloon coupled thereto, the balloon operable to inflate and deflate within a vein and further configured to occlude the vein upon inflation.
3. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the elongated body is structured so that when at least part of the catheter is implanted into the patient, oxygenated arterial blood is permitted to flow through the graft, through the lumen, and out of the one or more apertures to facilitate peripheral vein arterialization.
4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the elongated body is structured so that when the lumen has first cross-sectional area, pressure of the fluid permitted to flow therethrough is lower than pressure of the fluid permitted to flow through the lumen when the lumen has a second larger cross-sectional area than the first cross-sectional area.
5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the elongated body is structured so that when a graft lumen defined within the graft has first cross-sectional area, pressure of the fluid permitted to flow therethrough is lower than pressure of the fluid permitted to flow through the graft lumen when the graft lumen has a second larger cross-sectional area than the first cross-sectional area.
6. The catheter of claim 1 , further comprising a connector coupled to the catheter at or near the proximal end of the catheter, the connector configured to couple to the graft.
7. The catheter of claim 6 , further comprising an external shaft surrounding at least a portion of the catheter.
8. The catheter of claim 1 , further comprising an external shaft surrounding at least a portion of the catheter.
9. The catheter of claim 8 , further comprising a connector coupled to the catheter at or near the proximal end of the catheter, the connector configured to couple to the graft.
10. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the catheter is biodegradable or bioresorbable.
11. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the catheter comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
12. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the catheter is coated with a material selected from the group consisting of an anticoagulant, an antithrombotic material, and heparin.
13. A peripheral arterialization method, comprising the steps of:
subcutaneously implanting at least a portion of a catheter into a mammalian patient, the catheter comprising:
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end and having a lumen defined therethrough along a longitudinal length of the elongated body, the elongated body configured to attach to a graft at or near the proximal end of the elongated body and further configured to permit fluid to flow through the graft, through the lumen, and out of one or more apertures defined within the elongated body at or near the distal end to facilitate venous arterialization upon at least partial implantation of the catheter into a vein of a patient;
wherein the catheter further comprises one or more nodes defined along the longitudinal length of the catheter, the one or more nodes configured to at least partially occlude the vein when at least part of the catheter is implanted therein; and
wherein a first node of the one or more nodes is located proximal to the one or more apertures and has a first resorption rate, wherein a second node of the one or more nodes is located proximal to the first of the one or more nodes and has a second resorption rate, wherein the first resorption rate is faster than the second resorption rate;
positioning the distal end of a catheter into a vein at or near a desired location within the vein;
positioning a first end of a graft within an artery; and
connecting a second end of the graft to a proximal end of the catheter so to permit blood to flow from the artery, through the graft, through the catheter, and out of one or more of the one or more apertures into the vein at the desired location;
wherein the steps of subcutaneously implanting at least a portion of the catheter and positioning the first end of the graft within the artery are performed in either order.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of subcutaneously implanting at least a portion of the catheter is performed by subcutaneously implanting at least a portion of the catheter parallel to or substantially parallel to the vein.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the step of subcutaneously implanting at least a portion of the catheter is performed by introducing and subcutaneously advancing a dilator having a dilator lumen defined therein and a guidewire positioned within the guidewire lumen into the mammalian patient to create a subcutaneous tunnel, removing the dilator, and advancing at least a portion of the catheter within over the guidewire.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step of:
inflating a balloon coupled to the catheter to occlude the vein and to prevent antegrade flow of blood within the vein proximal to the balloon.
17. A peripheral arterialization method, comprising the steps of:
positioning a first end of a graft within an artery;
positioning a distal end of a catheter into a vein, the catheter comprising:
an elongated body extending from a proximal end to a distal end and having a lumen defined therethrough along a longitudinal length of the elongated body, the elongated body configured to attach to a graft at or near the proximal end of the elongated body and further configured to permit fluid to flow through the graft, through the lumen, and out of one or more apertures defined within the elongated body at or near the distal end to facilitate venous arterialization upon at least partial implantation of the catheter into a vein of a patient;
wherein the catheter further comprises one or more nodes defined along the longitudinal length of the catheter, the one or more nodes configured to at least partially occlude the vein when at least part of the catheter is implanted therein; and
wherein a first node of the one or more nodes is located proximal to the one or more apertures and has a first resorption rate, wherein a second node of the one or more nodes is located proximal to the first of the one or more nodes and has a second resorption rate, wherein the first resorption rate is faster than the second resorption rate;
advancing the distal end to a desired location within the vein; and
connecting a second end of the graft to the proximal end of the catheter so to permit blood to flow from the artery, through the graft, through the catheter, and out of one or more of the one or more apertures into the vein at the desired location;
wherein the steps of positioning the first end of the graft within the artery and positioning the distal end of the catheter into the vein are performed in either order.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising the step of:
positioning the second end of the graft within the vein.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising the step of:
moving the distal end of the catheter to a second location within the vein after a period of time has elapsed.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the method is performed to facilitate arterialization of the vein at or distal to the desired location within the vein.