Cooking oils and food products comprising estolides
Cooking and frying oils comprising estolide compounds are described. Also described are methods of making food products comprising cooking or otherwise preparing at least one article of food with a composition comprising at least one estolide compound.
1. A method of preparing a food product, comprising cooking an article of food in a composition comprising at least one estolide compound selected from compounds of Formula I:
wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 0 to 20;
n is an integer greater than or equal to 0;
R 1 is an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is selected from hydrogen and an unsubstituted alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue of said at least one estolide compound is unsubstituted.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 1 to 10;
n is an integer selected from 0 to 8;
R 1 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched; and
R 2 is an unsubstituted C 1 to C 22 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated, and branched or unbranched,
wherein each fatty acid chain residue is unsubstituted.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein
x+y is, independently for each chain, an integer selected from 13 to 15; and
n is an integer selected from 0 to 6.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 2 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated and branched or unbranched.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein R 2 is selected from C 6 to C 12 alkyl.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein R 2 is 2-ethylhexyl.
8. The method according to claim 5 , wherein R 2 is ethyl.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a branched or unbranched C 1 to C 20 alkyl that is saturated or unsaturated.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein R 1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, tridecanyl, tetradecanyl, pentadecanyl, hexadecanyl, heptadecanyl, octadecanyl, nonadecanyl, and icosanyl, which are saturated or unsaturated and branched or unbranched.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein R 1 is selected from unsubstituted C 7 to C 17 alkyl that is unbranched and saturated or unsaturated.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein R 1 is selected from saturated C 7 alkyl, saturated C 9 alkyl, saturated C 11 alkyl, saturated C 13 alkyl, saturated C 15 alkyl, and saturated or unsaturated C 17 alkyl, which are unsubstituted and unbranched.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has an EN selected from an integer or fraction of an integer that is equal to or less than 2, wherein EN is the average number of linkages in compounds according to Formula I, such that EN for each molecule is determined by EN=n+1, wherein n represents the number of secondary fatty acids.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said composition has an EN that is an integer or fraction of an integer selected from 1 to 2, wherein EN is the average number of linkages in compounds according to Formula I, such that EN for each molecule is determined by EN=n+1, wherein n represents the number of secondary fatty acids.
15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said composition has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 55 cSt when measured at 40 ° C.
16. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said composition has a kinematic viscosity equal to or less than 10 cSt when measured at 100 ° C.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said composition has a pour point equal to or lower than −25 ° C.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein x is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein y is, independently for each occurrence, an integer selected from 7 and 8.
20. The method according to claim 18 , wherein y is 0 for each occurrence.