Calibration
Technique for calibration of a frequency converter for reducing a leakage-based non-direct-current component at an output of the frequency converter. In an apparatus comprising a frequency converter arranged to perform frequency conversion on an input signal, a local oscillator signal generator arranged to generate an amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal of the frequency converter, and a detector arranged to detect a non-direct-current component of an output signal of the frequency converter, which results from the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal, an amplitude modulation of an original local oscillator signal by the local oscillator signal generator is controlled, a magnitude of local oscillator leakage of the frequency converter is observed on the basis of the non-direct-current component detected by the detector, and at least one parameter influencing the non-direct-current component of the output signal of the frequency converter is adjusted such that the observed magnitude of local oscillator leakage is reduced.
1. An apparatus for use at a radio receiver, the apparatus comprising:
a frequency converter arranged to perform frequency conversion on an input signal;
a local oscillator signal generator arranged to generate an amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal of the frequency converter;
a detector arranged to detect a non-direct-current component of an output signal of the frequency converter; and
a controller arranged to:
control an amplitude modulation of an original local oscillator signal by the local oscillator signal generator,
observe a magnitude of local oscillator leakage of the frequency converter on the basis of the non-direct-current component detected by the detector, and
adjust at least one parameter influencing the non-direct-current component of the output signal of the frequency converter such that the observed magnitude of local oscillator leakage is reduced.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the frequency converter comprises a mixing portion, and
the non-direct-current component of the output signal of the frequency converter results from a mixing product of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal of the frequency converter with a leakage signal component of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal which appears at the input of the frequency converter.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the controller is arranged to control the amplitude modulation by the local oscillator signal generator with a waveform pattern, and
the local oscillator signal generator comprises:
a local oscillator source arranged to generate the original local oscillator signal, and
an amplitude modulator arranged to perform a gating control on the original local oscillator signal in accordance with the waveform pattern.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein:
the controller is arranged to control the amplitude modulation by the local oscillator signal generator with a waveform pattern, and
the local oscillator signal generator comprises:
a local oscillator source arranged to generate the original local oscillator signal,
a modulation signal generator arranged to generate an amplitude modulation signal in accordance with the waveform pattern, and
an amplitude modulator arranged to perform an amplitude control on the original local oscillator signal on the basis of the amplitude modulation signal.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the modulation signal generator comprises:
a fixed voltage supply arranged to supply a fixed direct-current voltage, and
a linear voltage regulator arranged to perform an amplitude control on the fixed direct-current voltage in accordance with the waveform pattern to generate an amplitude-modulated supply voltage of a local oscillator divider and/or buffer serving as the amplitude modulator.
6. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein:
the waveform pattern is a rectangular or sinusoidal waveform pattern of a predetermined frequency, and/or
the predetermined frequency of the waveform pattern is a frequency equal to a channel spacing of a communication scheme by which the input signal is carried or a frequency larger than one third of a channel bandwidth of a communication scheme by which the input signal is carried.
7. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein:
the controller is arranged to disconnect the input signal from the input of the frequency converter, execute amplitude modulation control, magnitude observation and parameter adjustment when the input signal is disconnected from the input of the frequency converter, and reconnect the input signal to the input of the frequency converter, or
the controller is arranged to execute amplitude modulation control, magnitude observation and parameter adjustment when the input signal is connected to the input of the frequency converter, when a frequency of the waveform pattern is a frequency equal to a channel spacing of a communication scheme by which the input signal is carried.
8. The method for controlling an apparatus comprising a frequency converter arranged to perform frequency conversion on an input signal, a local oscillator signal generator arranged to generate an amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal of the frequency converter, and a detector arranged to detect a non-direct-current component of an output signal of the frequency converter, said method comprising:
controlling an amplitude modulation of an original local oscillator signal by the local oscillator signal generator;
observing a magnitude of local oscillator leakage of the frequency converter on the basis of the non-direct-current component detected by the detector; and
adjusting at least one parameter influencing the non-direct-current component of the output signal of the frequency converter such that the observed magnitude of local oscillator leakage is reduced.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein:
the frequency converter comprises a mixing portion, and
the non-direct-current component of the output signal of the frequency converter results from a mixing product of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal of the frequency converter with a leakage signal component of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal which appears at the input of the frequency converter.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the amplitude modulation of the original local oscillator signal comprises:
generating the original local oscillator signal, and
performing a gating control on the original local oscillator signal in accordance with a waveform pattern.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the amplitude modulation of the original local oscillator signal comprises:
generating the original local oscillator signal,
generating an amplitude modulation signal in accordance with a waveform pattern, and
performing an amplitude control on the original local oscillator signal on the basis of the amplitude modulation signal.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein generating the amplitude modulation signal comprises:
supplying a fixed direct-current voltage, and
performing an amplitude control on the fixed direct-current voltage in accordance with the waveform pattern to generate an amplitude-modulated supply voltage of a local oscillator divider and/or buffer for generating the amplitude modulation signal.
13. The method according to claim 10 , wherein:
the waveform pattern is a rectangular or sinusoidal waveform pattern of a predetermined frequency, and/or
the predetermined frequency of the waveform pattern is a frequency equal to a channel spacing of a communication scheme by which the input signal is carried or a frequency larger than one third of a channel bandwidth of a communication scheme by which the input signal is carried.
14. The method according to claim 10 , wherein:
amplitude modulation control, magnitude observation and parameter adjustment are executed when the input signal is disconnected from the input of the frequency converter, or
amplitude modulation control, magnitude observation and parameter adjustment are executed when the input signal is connected to the input of the frequency converter, when a frequency of the waveform pattern is a frequency equal to a channel spacing of a communication scheme by which the input signal is carried.
15. The method according to claim 8 , further comprising:
determining a requirement of amplitude modulation control, magnitude observation and parameter adjustment on the basis of the observed magnitude or with a predetermined timing; and
executing amplitude modulation control, magnitude observation and parameter adjustment on the basis of the determination.
16. The method according to claim 8 , wherein:
the frequency converter comprises at least two mixers which are arranged to act with different phases of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal of the frequency converter,
the output of the frequency converter comprises one output for each mixer, and
the non-direct-current component of an output signal is detected at each output of the frequency converter.
17. The method according to claim 8 , wherein:
the frequency converter comprises two mixers, one of which being arranged to act as an in-phase mixer and the other one of which being arranged to act as a quadrature mixer,
the output of the frequency converter comprises an in-phase output and a quadrature output, and
the non-direct-current component of an output signal is detected at the in-phase output and the quadrature output of the frequency converter.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one parameter comprises one or more of:
a static direct current offset of anyone of the mixers with absence of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal, a static direct current offset of anyone of the mixers with presence of the amplitude-modulated local oscillator signal, or
an imbalance at anyone of the mixers.
19. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the apparatus is operable for a receiver of direct conversion type and/or a receiver of a mixer-first architecture.
20. An apparatus comprising:
circuitry configured to
control an amplitude modulation of a local oscillator signal generated by a local oscillator signal generator and provided to a frequency converter;
observe a magnitude of local oscillator leakage of the frequency converter based on the non-direct-current component detected by the detector; and
adjust at least one parameter influencing the non-direct-current component detected in an output signal of the frequency converter such that the observed magnitude of local oscillator leakage is reduced.