Devices and systems for power conversion circuits
Devices and systems comprising driver circuits are disclosed for MOSFET driven, normally-on gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors. Preferably, a low power, high speed CMOS driver circuit with an integrated low voltage, lateral MOSFET driver is series coupled, in a hybrid cascode arrangement to a high voltage GaN HEMT, for improved control of noise and voltage transients. Co-packaging of a GaN transistor die and a CMOS driver die using island topology contacts, through substrate vias, and a flip-chip, stacked configuration provides interconnections with low inductance and resistance, and provides effective thermal management. Co-packaging of a CMOS input interface circuit with the CMOS driver and GaN transistor allows for a compact, integrated CMOS driver with enhanced functionality including shut-down and start-up conditioning for safer operation, particularly for high voltage and high current switching. Preferred embodiments also provide isolated, self-powered, high speed driver devices, with reduced input losses.
1. A system comprising a cascode arrangement of a normally-on depletion mode high voltage GaN FET driven by a normally-off driver MOSFET, and a driver circuit;
wherein the GaN FET is fabricated on a first substrate die (GaN die) and the driver circuit comprises a CMOS driver circuit fabricated on a second substrate die (CMOS die), the driver MOSFET being integrated with the driver circuit;
the GaN die comprising an arrangement of a plurality of front-side contacts providing source and gate contacts of the GaN FET;
the CMOS die comprising a corresponding arrangement of a plurality of front-side contacts providing drain and gate contacts of the driver MOSFET;
the first and second substrate die being stacked, in a flip-chip configuration, with the respective front-side contacts of each die being directly interconnected by a plurality of conductive interconnects connecting the GaN FET and driver MOSFET in cascode configuration, and
the CMOS die comprising a plurality of Through Silicon Vias connecting the source of the driver MOSFET to a back-side source electrode of the CMOS die.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the GaN die comprises a plurality of Through Substrate Vias connecting the drain of the GaN FET to a back-side drain electrode of the GaN die.
3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the respective arrangements of front-side contacts areas of the CMOS die and the GaN die are matched to provide for direct interconnection of respective contact areas by conductive posts.
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein the GaN FET comprises a normally-on GaN HEMT.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the driver MOSFET comprises a lateral NMOSFET.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the GaN FET is fabricated comprising island topology.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the driver MOSFET is fabricated comprising island topology.
8. A system according to claim 2 , wherein the respective arrangements of front-side contacts areas of the CMOS die and the GaN die are matched to provide for direct interconnection of respective contact areas by conductive posts.
9. The system of claim 2 , further comprising packaging elements for electrical connections and thermal management, wherein the packaging elements comprise a first lead frame and heat spreader in thermal contact with the back-side source electrode of the CMOS die and a second lead frame and heat spreader in thermal contact with the back-side drain electrode of the GaN die.
10. A system according to claim 3 wherein the conductive posts comprise copper posts.
11. The system of claim 9 wherein the first and second heat spreaders are configured to dissipate greater than 50%, and preferably >90%, of heat produced by the system through the second heat spreader on the back-side of the GaN die.
12. The system of claim 9 wherein the packaging elements comprise elements of a PQFN package.
13. A system comprising a cascode arrangement of a normally-on depletion mode high voltage GaN FET driven by a normally-off driver MOSFET, and a driver circuit;
wherein the GaN FET is fabricated on a first substrate die (GaN die) and the driver circuit comprises a CMOS driver circuit fabricated on a second substrate die (CMOS die), the driver MOSFET being integrated with the driver circuit;
the GaN die comprising an arrangement of a plurality of front-side contacts providing source and gate contacts of the GaN FET;
the CMOS die comprising a corresponding arrangement of a plurality of front-side contacts providing drain and gate contacts of the driver MOSFET;
the first and second substrate die being stacked, in a flip-chip configuration, with the respective front-side contacts of each die being directly interconnected by a plurality of conductive interconnects connecting the GaN FET and driver MOSFET in cascode configuration, and
wherein the conductive interconnects comprise metal posts and the metal posts have sufficient height and compliance (ductility) to act as compliant spacers between the GaN die and the CMOS die to accommodate differential thermal expansion of the GaN die and CMOS die during operation.
14. The system of claim 13 wherein ratio of the height of the posts to the diameter of the posts is greater than 1:1 and preferably greater than 2:1.
15. A system comprising a cascode arrangement of a normally-on depletion mode high voltage GaN FET driven by a normally-off driver MOSFET, and a driver circuit;
wherein the GaN FET is fabricated on a first substrate die (GaN die) and the driver circuit comprises a CMOS driver circuit fabricated on a second substrate die (CMOS die), the driver MOSFET being integrated with the driver circuit;
the GaN die comprising an arrangement of a plurality of front-side contacts providing source and gate contacts of the GaN FET;
the CMOS die comprising a corresponding arrangement of a plurality of front-side contacts providing drain and gate contacts of the driver MOSFET;
the first and second substrate die being stacked, in a flip-chip configuration, with the respective front-side contacts of each die being directly interconnected by a plurality of conductive interconnects connecting the GaN FET and driver MOSFET in cascode configuration, and
further comprising a third substrate die comprising an interface circuit, the interface circuit providing pre-isolation conditioning and isolation for the driver circuit, and the third substrate die co-packaged with the first substrate die comprising the GaN FET and the second substrate die comprising the CMOS driver circuit and integrated driver MOSFET.
16. A normally-off N channel driver MOSFET for a system comprising a cascode arrangement of a HV normally on GaN transistor, the driver MOSFET comprising:
a lateral N-channel MOSFET fabricated on a silicon substrate (CMOS die), and comprising an array of a plurality of alternating source and drain regions defined on an active region of the silicon substrate, channel regions extending between the source and drain regions, and an interconnect structure comprising respective source, drain and gate contacts, a plurality of Through Substrate Vias (TSV) connecting the source contacts to a back-side source electrode of the CMOS die, and wherein drain and gate contacts of the driver MOSFET comprise an arrangement of a plurality of front-side contact areas of the CMOS die.
17. A driver for a system comprising a cascode arrangement of a HV normally on GaN transistor and a normally-off N-channel driver MOSFET comprising: a CMOS substrate (CMOS die) comprising a CMOS driver circuit and an integrated driver MOSFET, wherein the driver MOSFET comprises:
a lateral N-channel MOSFET fabricated on a silicon substrate (CMOS die) and comprising an array of a plurality of alternating source and drain regions defined on an active region of the silicon substrate, channel regions extending between the source and drain regions, and an interconnect structure comprising respective source, drain and gate contacts, a plurality of Through Substrate Vias (TSV) connecting the source contacts to a back-side source electrode of the CMOS die, and wherein drain and gate contacts of the driver MOSFET comprise an arrangement of a plurality of front-side contact areas of the CMOS die.