Organic EL element and manufacturing method thereof, and metal oxide film forming method

1. An organic EL element, comprising:

an anode and a cathode disposed to face each other with a gap therebetween;

a functional layer that contains an organic material and is disposed between the anode and the cathode; and

an electron injection layer that has a function to inject electrons into the functional layer and is disposed between the anode and the cathode,

wherein the electron injection layer contains a metal oxide with d 0 electron configuration,

wherein the electron injection layer has a crystalline structure,

wherein a Fermi level of the electron injection layer is located in a vicinity of a lower end of a conduction band of the electron injection layer, such that a difference in binding energy between the Fermi level of the electron injection layer and the lower end of the conduction band of the electron injection layer is at most 0.3 eV, and

wherein an Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) spectrum, which represents a relationship between binding energy and one of photoelectron intensity and standardized photoelectron intensity, is downwardly convex in a section where the binding energy takes values from 0 eV to 3 eV.

2. The organic EL element of claim 1 ,

wherein the metal oxide is titanium oxide.

3. The organic EL element of claim 2 ,

wherein a value of x in composition formula TiOx of the titanium oxide as the metal oxide is at least 1.98 and less than 2.