Two-dimensional barcode system

1. An end-user device, comprising:

a receiver to receive a data stream including video data from a Headend, the video data including at least one service, wherein a user of the end-user device is a subscriber of the at least one service;

a decoder to decode the video data of the at least one service; and

a processor to:

receive a request from the subscriber to purchase a new pay-per-view item;

check whether the subscriber is permitted to purchase the new pay-per-view item;

prepare barcode-input data including:

(a) at least one of: an identification of the user of the end-user device; and an identification of the end-user device;

(b) data based on activity of at least one of: the end-user device; the user of the end-user device; and a security element removably inserted into the end-user device; and

(c) if the subscriber is not permitted to purchase the new pay-per-view item, a purchase history of pay-per-view items purchased by the subscriber;

prepare a two-dimensional barcode including the barcode input data, the two-dimension barcode being prepared for displaying on a display in a manner suitable for scanning by a communication device; and

receive a message from the Headend allowing further pay-per-view purchases.

2. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a smart card interface for receiving a smart card of the subscriber therein, the smart card including a smart card identification, the identification of the subscriber including the smart card identification, the smart card including the security element.

3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the smart card is operative to compute a plurality of control words to decrypt the video data of the at least one service.

4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is operative to:

retrieve a pay-per-view identification of a pay-per-view item from a future entitlement control message;

prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include the pay-per-view identification of the pay-per-view item ordered by the subscriber; and

receive an entitlement management message from the Headend authorizing viewing of the pay-per-view item.

5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein:

the receiver is operative to receive, from the Headend, a renewal entitlement management message renewing entitlement to consume the at least one service; and then

the processor is operative to prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include a confirmation confirming successful receipt of the renewal entitlement management message.

6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein:

the processor is operative to prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include a request to renew entitlement to the at least one service; and then

the receiver is operative to receive, from the Headend, a renewal entitlement management message renewing entitlement to consume the at least one service.

7. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the processor is operative create the request to renew entitlement at randomly timed intervals.

8. The device according to claim 6 , wherein the processor is operative to prepare additional barcode input data for another two-dimensional barcode to include a confirmation confirming successful receipt of the renewal entitlement management message.

9. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the identification of the user includes a public key of the user.

10. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a chip having a chip identification, the identification of the end-user device including at least one of the chip identification and a serial number of the end-user device.

11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is operative to prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include details of a technical problem with the end-user device or a technical problem with software running on the end-user device.

12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is operative to prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include details of a loss of service authorizations.

13. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a receiver to receive a data stream which includes an item code of an item for sale, wherein the processor is operative to: prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include the item code; and prepare the two-dimensional barcode to also include a digital signature of at least part of the barcode input data.

14. The device according to claim 13 , wherein the processor is operative to create the digital signature by digitally signing at least the item code and the identification of the user.

15. The device according to claim 13 , wherein the processor is operative to receive the digital signature signed by a smart card removably inserted into the end-user device, the digital signature authenticating the item code and the identification of the user.

16. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the data stream includes an Internet address of an Internet site where the item for sale is being advertised.

17. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is operative to:

receive a vote from the user, the vote being selected by the user from a choice of candidates; and

the processor is operative to prepare the barcode input data for the two-dimensional barcode to include the vote.

18. A method comprising:

receiving a data stream including video data from a Headend, the video data including at least one service, wherein a user of an end-user device is a subscriber of the at least one service;

decoding the video data of the at least one service,

receiving a request from a subscriber to purchase a new pay-per-view item;

checking whether the subscriber is permitted to purchase the new pay-per-view item;

preparing barcode-input data including:

(a) at least one of: an identification of the user of the end-user device; and an identification of the end-user device;

(b) data based on activity of at least one of: the end-user device; the user of the end-user device; and a security element removably inserted into the end-user device; and

(c) if the subscriber is not permitted to purchase the new pay-per-view item, a purchase history of pay-per-view items purchased by the subscriber;

preparing a two-dimensional barcode including the barcode input data, the two-dimension barcode being prepared for displaying on a display in a manner suitable for scanning by a communication device; and

receiving a message from the Headend allowing further pay-per-view purchases.