Fluid sealing

1. A method of providing a fluid seal between a fluid retaining layer of a flexible pipe body for transporting fluid from a subsea location and an end fitting, the method comprising:

urging a fluid retaining layer of a flexible pipe radially outwardly against an abutment surface of an inner collar member of an end fitting;

urging the fluid retaining layer by locating a tapered portion of a sealing ring element between a radially inner surface of an end region of the fluid retaining layer and a radially outer surface of a carcass layer of the flexible pipe and urging the tapered portion under the end region and locating an annular body portion of the sealing ring element between an end fitting body of the end fitting and the inner collar member as the inner collar member is secured to the end fitting,

wherein the fluid retaining layer comprises a barrier layer.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

providing a seal element between the body portion of the sealing ring element and an abutment surface of the end fitting body.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising:

energising the sealing ring element as the inner collar member is secured to the end fitting.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

providing the fluid seal with a metal-polymer contact between the fluid retaining layer and the inner collar member.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

providing the fluid seal without a metal-polymer contact between the sealing ring element and the end fitting body.

6. A method of terminating flexible pipe body for transporting fluid from a subsea location in an end fitting, comprising:

cutting an end of a fluid retaining layer of the pipe body;

locating a tapered portion of a sealing ring element between a radially inner surface of an end region of the fluid retaining layer and a radially outer surface of a carcass layer of the flexible pipe; and

securing an inner collar member to an end fitting body whereby a body portion of the sealing ring element is located between the inner collar member and end fitting body, the tapered portion of the sealing ring element is urged under the end region of the fluid retaining layer thereby urging the fluid retaining layer radially outwardly against an abutment surface of the inner collar member, and a seal element located between the body portion of the sealing ring element and the end fitting body is energised,

wherein the fluid retaining layer comprises a barrier layer.

7. A flexible pipe for transporting fluid from a subsea location comprising an end fitting and a flexible pipe body, the flexible pipe body including a fluid retaining layer and a carcass layer located radially inwards of the fluid retaining layer, wherein a sealing ring element is provided such that a body portion of the sealing ring element is located between a body of the end fitting and an inner collar member, and a tapered portion of the sealing ring element is located between an end region of the fluid retaining layer and an end region of the carcass layer such that the fluid retaining layer is urged radially outwards against an abutment surface of the inner collar member.

8. The flexible pipe as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the body portion of the sealing ring element is annular and the tapered portion of the sealing ring element extends substantially perpendicular to the annular body portion at a radially inner region thereof.

9. The flexible pipe as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the inner collar member is secured to the body of the end fitting.

10. The flexible pipe as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising a seal element in a sealing seat of the sealing ring element, the sealing seat provided in a side wall of the annular body portion, the side wall facing away from the direction in which the tapered portion extends.

11. A riser, flow line or jumper comprising the flexible pipe as claimed in claim 7 .

12. A sealing ring element for providing a fluid seal between a fluid retaining layer of a flexible pipe for transporting fluid from a subsea location and an end fitting, the sealing ring comprising:

an annular body portion locatable between an end fitting body and an inner collar member of the end fitting; and

a tapered portion extending substantially perpendicular to the annular body portion at a radially inner region thereof; wherein

the annular body portion further comprises a sealing seat in a first side wall of the annular body portion, said side wall facing away from the direction in which the tapered portion extends;

wherein the tapered portion comprises a cylindrical inner surface extending substantially perpendicular to first and second spaced apart and substantially parallel side walls of the annular body portion and a fluid retaining layer contact surface extending radially inwardly from the second side wall to the inner surface of the tapered portion,

wherein an angle between the fluid retaining layer contact surface and the inner surface is between 5° and 30°, and

wherein said annular body portion comprises one or more openings for enabling securing elements to pass through the body portion when the inner collar member is secured to the end fitting body.