Human invasion signature for prognosis of metastatic risk

1. A method of treating a cancer in a subject comprising: identifying the subject to be (i) at risk of metastasis of a tumor of the cancer or (ii) at risk of invasion of a tumor, or (iii) at risk of recurrence of a tumor of the cancer after treatment of the tumor, wherein the subject is determined to be at risk by a method comprising:

(I) A) obtaining a sample of the tumor and determining the level of expression in the sample of the following genes (1) CSDE1, PGK1, FAU, DAZAP2, NPM1, SUMO1, ARHGDIB, TBCA, WBP5, MSN, S100A11, PTPN11, PRDX3, IMPDH2, RPL19, BTG1, SNTB2, NOP10, RPL37, UBC, RPS6, SET, STXBP2, ANXA5, NONO, STRBP, PSME2, YWHAE, SNRPD1, DUSP16, UCRC, ALDOA, XRCC5, PMAIP1, IFI16, DGUOK, TUBA3D, DCBLD2, PHACTR2, COX7B, MRPL27, SF3B2, IL8, ERH, LSM3, ATP51, RPL12, MYL12A, CDC25A, GLO1, TUBA4A, GARS, RPL30, ATP5G1, PKM2, PSMB2, RPL11, SF3B14, EMP1, OSGEP, SPHK2, RPS24, DDAH1, ILF2, CDC42, SNRPD3, SDHD, FOXM1, RABIF, CALU, NCL, ITGAE, CAV1, PRDX5, and DNAJC8,

and determining the level of expression of each and every one of the genes in (1) as upregulated relative to a predetermined control, so as to identify the subject having the tumor as being (i) at risk of metastasis of the tumor, (ii) at risk of invasion of the tumor, or (iii) at risk of recurrence of the tumor after treatment of the tumor,

or B) obtaining a sample of the tumor and determining the level of expression in the sample of all of the following genes (2) GLUD1, LIMS1, MDM2, MLL4, and DPP9,

and determining the level of expression of each and every one of the genes in (2) as downregulated relative to a predetermined control,

so as to identify the subject having the tumor as being (i) at risk of metastasis of the tumor, (ii) at risk of invasion of the tumor, or (iii) at risk of recurrence of the tumor after treatment of the tumor, and

(II) administering to the subject who has been identified as being at risk of metastasis, invasion or recurrence an anti-PTPN11 therapy, anti-IL8 therapy, anti-MYC therapy or anti-TGFB therapy so as to thereby treat the cancer in the subject.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is a breast cancer.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the level of expression of the genes is effected by quantifying a) the level of mRNA transcripts of the genes or b) the level of unique fragments of mRNA transcripts of the genes in the sample.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein quantifying the level of mRNA transcripts of the genes comprises performing a quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the sample is obtained by micro-needle biopsy.