Method for recharging a pair of vehicle batteries of different nominal voltages, and associated system
A system supplying electrical power to a vehicle including: a network of electricity consuming units; a first electrical accumulation battery connected to the network, exhibiting a first maximum voltage when unloaded less than a maximum network voltage; a second electrical accumulation battery connected to the network, exhibiting a second maximum voltage when unloaded greater than the maximum voltage when unloaded of the first battery, and a minimum acceptable voltage when unloaded below the maximum network voltage; a drivable alternator connected to the network, configured to deliver to the second battery an electrical energy under a setpoint voltage drivable to various setpoint values; an electronic management facility, configured to impose at least two different setpoint voltages successively on the alternator when the vehicle is running, a low alternator voltage greater than the first maximum voltage, and a high alternator voltage greater both than the minimum voltage and than the low alternator voltage.
1. An electrical power supply system of a vehicle, comprising:
a direct-current network, of at least one electrically powered device, that can be powered by a range of voltages not exceeding a maximum network voltage;
a first electrical accumulation battery connected to the network, and having a first maximum no-load voltage that is less than the maximum network voltage;
a second electrical accumulation battery connected to the network, having a second maximum no-load voltage that is greater than the maximum network voltage and greater than the maximum no-load voltage of the first battery, and an acceptable minimum no-load voltage that is less than the maximum network voltage,
an adjustable generator connected to the network configured to supply electrical energy to the second battery with a setpoint voltage adjustable to different setpoint values; and
an electronic management unit configured to set the adjustable generator, when the vehicle is being driven, successively to at least two different setpoint voltages, a low generator voltage and a high generator voltage, wherein the low generator voltage is greater than the acceptable minimum no-load voltage of the second battery, and the high generator voltage is lower than the second maximum no-load voltage of the second battery.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first battery is a lead battery and the second battery is a lithium battery.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electronic management unit is configured to open a switch of the second battery when an engine of the vehicle is stopped and, if the voltage of the first battery drops beneath a first threshold and simultaneously the voltage of the second battery is above a second threshold, to close this switch for a predetermined period of time before the vehicle is next started.
4. A management method of a motor vehicle having an electrical supply system having a direct-current network, of at least one electrically powered device, powered by a range of voltages not exceeding a maximum network voltage, a first electrical accumulation battery connected to the network and having a first maximum no-load voltage that is less than the maximum network voltage, and a second electrical accumulation battery connected to the network having a second maximum no-load voltage that is greater than the maximum network voltage an greater than the maximum no-load voltage of the first battery and an acceptable minimum no-load voltage that is less than the maximum network voltage, the method comprising:
supplying, via an adjustable generator connected to the network, an electrical energy to the second battery with a setpoint voltage adjustable to different setpoint values;
setting, via an electronic management unit, the adjustable generator, when the vehicle is being driven, successively to at least two different setpoint voltages, a low generator voltage and a high generator voltage, wherein
the low generator voltage is greater than the acceptable minimum no-load voltage of the second battery, and
the high generator voltage is lower than the second maximum no-load voltage of the second battery;
selecting, via the electronic management unit, the low generator voltage for initial vehicle driving phases; and
selecting, via the electronic management unit, the high generator voltage for a subsequent vehicle driving phases.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the high generator voltage is set when the vehicle is in a regenerative deceleration phase, and the low generator voltage is set when the vehicle is in an engine acceleration phase.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein an intermediate generator voltage, greater than the low generator voltage and less than the high generator voltage, is set when a charge level of the second battery drops below a threshold charge, and/or when a specific driving mode of the vehicle other than deceleration is detected, and/or when the current supplied by the second battery to the network passes a given threshold.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:
solar panels connected to the second battery to provide energy to the network.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acceptable minimum no-load voltage of the second accumulation battery is greater than a first minimum no-load voltage of the first battery.
9. The system as claimed n claim 1 , wherein the low generator voltage is less than or equal to 1.05 times the maximum no-load voltage of the first battery.
10. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the low generator voltage is less than or equal to 1.035 times the maximum no-load voltage of the first battery.
11. The system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a DC/DC voltage transformer configured to lower the voltage supplied by the second battery to the network.
12. The system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the voltage transformer is bi-directional and configured to power the second battery at a voltage greater than the maximum network voltage when the generator is supplying a current below the high generator voltage.
13. The system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the low generator voltage is higher than the first maximum no-load voltage of the first battery.
14. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the low generator voltage is higher than the first maximum no-load voltage of the first battery.