Slurry phase polymerisation process
Process for polymerizing ethylene in a reactor system containing one or more reactors in series, having a characteristic such that the average polymerization productivity [kgPE/kgcata] per unit ethylene per hour a1 during operation at any first residence time r1 is less than 1.7 (a2r2−a1r1)/(r2−r1), where a2 is the average polymerization productivity [kgPE/kgcata] per unit ethylene per hour during operation at any second residence time r2 where r2>r1, a2 and r2 being measured either in the same reactor in the case of a single reactor polymerization, or in a reactor subsequent to the reactor in which a1 and r1 are measured in the case where the polymerization takes place in more than one reactor. The specific yield of the reactor system is greater than 0.3 tonnes/m 3 . Operating the system under the above conditions results in improved productivity/unit ethylene.
1. Slurry process comprising polymerizing ethylene in a reactor system comprising one or more reactors in series, having an average polymerisation productivity [kgPE/kgcata] per unit ethylene per hour a1 during operation at any first residence time r1 which is less than 1.7 (a2r2−a1r1)/(r2−r1), where a2 is the average polymerisation productivity [kgPE/kgcata] per unit ethylene per hour during operation at any second residence time r2 where r2>r1, r2 and the value a2r2 being determined either in the same reactor in the case of a single reactor polymerisation, or in a reactor subsequent to the reactor in which a1 and r1 are measured in the case where the polymerisation takes place in more than one reactor, the residence time r2 and value a2r2 in this latter case corresponding to the total residence time and productivity respectively of both reactors; and
wherein the specific yield of the reactor system is greater than 0.3 tonnes/m 3 , specific yield being the production rate of the final reactor (t/h) in the reactor system divided by the total volume of all the reactors in the reactor system (m 3 ) multiplied by the total residence time in all the reactors in the reactor system (h).
2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein a1<1.3[(a2r2−a1r1)/(r2−r1)].
3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst used in the polymerisation reaction is a chromium catalyst.
4. Process according to claim 3 , wherein a1<[(a2r2−a1r1)/(r2−r1)].
5. Process according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst used in the polymerisation reaction is a Ziegler-Natta catalyst.
6. Process according to claim 5 , wherein a1<1.3[(a2r2−a1r1)/(r2−r1)].
7. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the specific yield of the reactor system is greater than 0.33 tonnes/m 3 .
8. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the specific yield of the reactor system is greater than 0.37 tonnes/m 3 .
9. Process according to claim 1 , which is carried out in a single reactor having a solids concentration of at least 55 wt %.
10. Process according to claim 1 , which is carried out in two or more reactors in series, wherein each reactor has a solids concentration of at least 35 wt % and each reactor comprises 15-70% of the total reactor volume.
11. Process according to claim 10 , which is carried out in two reactors in series, each of which comprises 40-60% of the total reactor volume, and each of which contributes 40-60% of the total production.
12. Process according to claim 10 , which is carried out in three reactors in series, each of which comprises 20-60% of the total reactor volume, and each of which contributes 20-60% of the total production.
13. Process according to claim 1 , in which a prepolymerisation reaction is carried out in a first reactor followed by polymerisation in at least one main reactor having a solids concentration of at least 44 wt %, wherein the volume of the prepolymerisation reactor is at least 5% of that of the main reactor.
14. Process according claim 1 , in which at least one reactor has a solids concentration of at least 48 wt %.
15. Process according to claim 14 , wherein diluent in the reactor has a solids concentration of at least 48 wt % and a density of 400 kg/m 3 or less.
16. Process according to claim 10 , in which a low molecular weight (LMW) polymer is made in one reactor, and a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer is made in another reactor, the polymers being made in either order and the second polymer being made in the presence of the first.
17. Process according to claim 11 , in which a low molecular weight (LMW) polymer is made in one reactor, and a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer is made in another reactor, the polymers being made in either order and the second polymer being made in the presence of the first.
18. Process according to claim 12 , in which a low molecular weight (LMW) polymer is made in one reactor, and a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer is made in another reactor, the polymers being made in either order and the second polymer being made in the presence of the first.