Material such as film, fiber, woven and nonwoven fabric with adsorbancy
Compositions that can be used to adsorb low concentration, of unwanted or target substances from a dynamic fluid stream or from an enclosed static vapor phase. Such adsorbency can be obtained with thermoplastic materials used in the form of bulk polymer or a film, fiber, web, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, sheet, packaging and other such structures including or surrounding the enclosed volume. The concentration should be reduced to non-offensive sensed limits or a limit that does not produce a biological response.
1. An adsorbent comprising a nonwoven fabric having a coating, the coating comprising a solid surface, the solid surface comprising an interface with a gas or vapor phase, the solid surface comprising:
a. ferric hydroxide; and
b. an uncomplexed polyethylenimine
wherein the adsorbent is adapted for adsorbing unwanted or target substances from the gas or vapor phase.
2. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the ferric hydroxide is the reaction product of a hydroxide reactant and a source of an Fe(III) compound.
3. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylenimine has a molecular weight (M n ) of 800 to 1,000,000 and the adsorbent is substantially free of silica.
4. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylenimine is free of substituents.
5. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylenimine comprises an ethoxylated polyethylenimine.
6. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein there is about 1 to 85 wt % of the ferric hydroxide and 0.1 to 80 wt % of polyethylenimine based on solids content.
7. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the ferric hydroxide is the decomposition product of an aqueous solution of a ferrate salt.
8. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the fabric has a coated surface area of at least 0.1 m 2 g −1 .
9. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the polyethylenimine has a molecular weight (M n ) of 800 to 1,000,000 and the adsorbent is free of silica.
10. The adsorbent of claim 1 , the adsorbent comprising about 0.1 to 35 wt % of the ferric hydroxide and 0.1 to 35 wt % of polyethylenimine based on the weight of the adsorbent.
11. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a polyolefin or a polyester.
12. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a web having a thickness of about 0.01 to 1 mm.
13. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a polyester non-woven.
14. The adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the fabric comprises a polyolefin non-woven.
15. A method of adsorbing unwanted or target substances from a dynamic gas or vapor phase with the adsorbent of claim 1 comprising a nonwoven fabric, the dynamic gas or vapor phase having a concentration of unwanted or target substances of less than 15 ppm, the method comprises:
i. positioning the adsorbent such that the dynamic gas or vapor phase is in contact with the adsorbent at a contact time of less than 1 second; and
ii. causing the concentration of the unwanted or target substance be reduced in the dynamic gas or vapor phase.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein in the coating there is about 0.01 to 80 wt % of the ferric hydroxide and 0.01 to 80 wt % of the incomplexed polyethylenimine based on the solids content of the coating.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a web having a thickness of about 0.01 to 10 mm.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a polyester non-woven.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the nonwoven fabric comprises a polyolefin non-woven.
20. The adsorbent of claim 2 , wherein the source of the iron(III) compound is a ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, or any combination thereof.
21. A container comprising the adsorbent of claim 1 , wherein the container comprises the unwanted or target substances.
22. A face mask comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one of the one or more layers comprises the adsorbent of claim 1 .