Interoperability of magnetic structures for inductive power transfer systems

1. A loosely coupled inductive power transfer apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a first magnetic coupling structure arranged in a plane and a primary coil having at least one turn and arranged in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ferrite structure, the coil configured to generate a magnetic flux;

a second magnetic coupling structure comprising a first coil arranged to be responsive to a component of the magnetic flux from the first magnetic coupling structure that is perpendicular to the plane of the primary coil and a second coil arranged to be responsive to a component of the magnetic flux from the first magnetic coupling structure that is parallel to the plane of the primary coil; and

an electrical circuit configured to sum and regulate outputs from the first and second coils to provide a required power profile over a range of relative transverse movement between the first and second magnetic coupling structures.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coils of the second magnetic structure are arranged to provide coupling tolerance to relative transverse movement between the first and second structures.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coils of the second structure extract electrical energy from the magnetic field produced by the first structure in differing amounts as the relative transverse position of the structures differs.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein one of the coils of the second structure receives a greater proportion of a first directional component of a magnetic field produced by the first structure, and another of the coils of the second structure receives a greater proportion of a second directional component of the magnetic field produced by the first structure.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the components of the magnetic flux are in quadrature.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coils of the second structure are flat coils.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coil of the first structure is a flat coil.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein two coils of the second structure are in a side by side relationship.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the second structure includes a third coil arranged in spatial quadrature with the at least two coils.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the second structure includes two coils which overlap each other.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the core of the second structure has regions of greater and lesser magnetic reluctance.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the core of the second structure comprises a lattice.

13. An inductive power transfer system including the apparatus of claim 1 .

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coils of the second structure are associated with a magnetically permeable core.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the coils of the first magnetic coupling structure is substantially circular.

16. A method of inductively transferring power, the method comprising:

generating magnetic flux via a first magnetic coupling structure comprising a first magnetic coupling structure comprising a ferrite structure arranged in a plane and a primary coil having at least one turn and arranged in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ferrite structure;

receiving magnetic flux via a first coil of a second magnetic coupling structure, the first coil arranged to be responsive to a component of the magnetic flux from the first magnetic coupling structure that is perpendicular to the plane of the primary coil;

receiving magnetic flux via a second coil of the second magnetic coupling structure, the second coil arranged to be responsive to a component of the magnetic flux from the first magnetic coupling structure that is parallel to the plane of the primary coil; and

summing and regulating output from the first and second coils to provide a required electrical circuit configured to sum and regulate outputs from the first and second coils to provide a required power profile over a range of relative transverse movement between the first and second magnetic coupling structures.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16 further comprising receiving magnetic flux via a third coil of the second magnetic coupling structure, the third coil being arranged to be responsive to a vertical component of the magnetic flux.

18. The method as claimed in claim 16 further comprising receiving magnetic flux via a third coil of the second magnetic coupling structure, the third coil being arranged to be responsive to a horizontal component of the magnetic flux.