Carbo-nitriding process for martensitic stainless steel and stainless steel article having improved corrosion resistance
A method for producing a case-hardened martensitic stainless steel article includes: providing an article comprised, at least in part, of a martensitic stainless steel, carburizing the article within a temperature range of 1625° F.-1680° F. (885° C.-916° C.), and then carbo-nitriding the article within a temperature range of 1575° F.-1625° F. (857° C.-885° C.). An article, such as a bearing ring, comprising such a case-hardened martensitic stainless steel is also disclosed.
1. A bearing ring comprised of a carbo-nitrided martensitic stainless steel having a hardened case, comprising:
a hard carburized case up to a depth of about 900-1125 μm,
a presence of nitrogen or nitrides up to depth of 250 μm,
0.3-0.7 wt % nitrogen at the surface and 0.1-0.3 wt % nitrogen at a depth of 250 μm, and
carbon in the range of 1.5 wt % to 2.0 wt % in the hardened case,
wherein the bearing ring has a core consisting essentially of:
0.02-0.50 wt % C, 0.1-1.5 wt % Mn, 0.10-2.0 wt % Si, 13.0-20.0 wt % Cr, 1.0-3.5 wt % Ni, 0.40-3.0 wt % Mo, 0.40-2.0 wt % V, and 1.0-10.0 wt % Co, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the core of the bearing ring contains the following weight percentages of elements:
Mo+V=0.8 to 4.0 wt % and
Co+Ni=2.0 to 12.0 wt %.
2. The bearing ring according to claim 1 , wherein the hardened case of the bearing ring has a hardness of at least 800 Hv (˜63.7 HRc) at a depth between 0.010 to 0.039 inches.
3. The bearing ring according to claim 1 , wherein the hardened case of the bearing ring has a hardness of between 800-850 Hv (˜63.7 to 65.4 HRc) at a depth between 0.010 to 0.039 inches.
4. The bearing ring according to claim 1 , wherein the hardened case of the bearing ring has a hardness of at least 63 HRc (˜772 HV) at 300° F.
5. The bearing ring according to claim 1 , wherein the hardened case of the bearing ring has:
a hardness of between 800-850 Hv (˜63.7 to 65.4 HRc) at a depth between 0.010 to 0.039 inches,
a hardness of at least 63 HRc (˜772 HV) at 300° F.,
a hardness of at least 62 HRc (˜745 HV) at 400° F. and
a residual stress of at least 500 MPa.
6. The bearing ring according to claim 5 , wherein at least one portion of the hardened case of the bearing ring comprises at least 16 volume percent of retained austenite.
7. The bearing ring according to claim 1 , wherein at least one portion of the hardened case of the bearing ring comprises at least 16 volume percent of retained austenite.
8. The bearing ring according to claim 7 , wherein the core of the bearing ring consists of:
0.03-0.10 wt % C,
0.5-1.0 wt % Mn,
0.20-0.6 wt % Si,
13.0-15.0 wt % Cr,
2.40-3.0 wt % Ni,
1.50-2.0 wt % Mo,
0.40-0.80 wt % V, and
5.0-6.0 wt % Co,
the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
9. The bearing ring according to claim 1 , wherein the core of the bearing ring consists of:
0.03-0.10 wt % C,
0.5-1.0 wt % Mn,
0.20-0.6 wt % Si,
13.0-15.0 wt % Cr,
2.40-3.0 wt % Ni,
1.50-2.0 wt % Mo,
0.40-0.80 wt % V, and
5.0-6.0 wt % Co,
the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
10. A bearing ring comprised of a carbo-nitrided martensitic stainless steel having a hardened case, comprising:
a hard carburized case up to a depth of about 900-1125 μm,
a presence of nitrogen or nitrides up to depth of 250 μm,
0.3-0.7 wt % nitrogen at the surface and 0.1-0.3 wt % nitrogen at a depth of 250 μm, and
carbon in the range of 1.5 wt % to 2.0 wt % in the hardened case,
wherein:
at least one portion of the hardened case of the bearing ring comprises at least 16 volume percent of retained austenite, and
the bearing ring has a core consisting of 0.07 wt % C, 0.65 wt % Mn, 0.40 wt % Si, 13.00 wt % Cr, 2.60 wt % Ni, 1.80 wt % Mo, 0.60 wt % V, and 5.40 wt % Co, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
11. A bearing ring comprised of a carbo-nitrided martensitic stainless steel having a hardened case, comprising:
a hard carburized case up to a depth of about 900-1125 μm,
a presence of nitrogen or nitrides up to depth of 250 μm,
0.3-0.7 wt % nitrogen at the surface and 0.1-0.3 wt % nitrogen at a depth of 250 μm, and
carbon in the range of 1.5 wt % to 2.0 wt % in the hardened case,
wherein the bearing ring has a core consisting of 0.12 wt % C, 14.00 wt % Cr, 0.60 wt % V, 2.00 wt % Ni, 4.75 wt % Mo, 12.5 wt % Co, and 0.02 wt % Cb, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
12. The bearing ring according to claim 11 , wherein at least one portion of the hardened case of the bearing ring comprises at least 16 volume percent of retained austenite.
13. A method for producing the bearing ring according to claim 1 , comprising:
(a) placing a bearing ring into a vacuum chamber, the bearing ring being comprised of a martensitic stainless steel consisting essentially of 0.02-0.50 wt % C, 0.1-1.5 wt % Mn, 0.10-2.0 wt % Si, 13.0-20.0 wt % Cr, 1.0-3.5 wt % Ni, 0.40-3.0 wt % Mo, 0.40-2.0 wt % V, and 1.0-10.0 wt % Co, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities,
(b) vacuum carburizing the bearing ring within a temperature range of 1625-1680° F. by repeating a plurality of cycles comprising (i) introducing acetylene into the vacuum chamber and (ii) then evacuating the vacuum chamber to about 0.1 atm, and
(c) then vacuum carbo-nitriding the bearing ring within a temperature range of 1575° F.-1625° F. by repeating a plurality of cycles comprising (i) introducing acetylene and ammonia into the vacuum chamber and (ii) then evacuating the vacuum chamber to about 0.1 atm, wherein the bearing ring according to claim 1 is formed.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the bearing ring has a hardness of at least 800 Hv (˜63.7 HRc) at a depth between 0.010 to 0.039 inches.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the bearing ring contains at least 0.5 wt % nitrogen in at least one portion of the hardened case and at least 0.2 wt % nitrogen at a depth of about 200 μm.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the bearing ring exhibits a residual stress of at least 500 MPa in the hardened case.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein at least one portion of the hardened case of the bearing ring comprises at least 16 volume percent of retained austenite.
18. The method according to claim 13 , wherein:
a nitrogen:carbon differential ratio in step (c) is between about 6-8:1,
the total time for steps (b) and (c) is between 15-18 hours, and
wherein subsequent to step (c) the bearing ring is:
quenched in liquid nitrogen and
then tempered twice at 575° F.-625° F. for 2 hours.
19. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the martensitic stainless steel in step (a) consists of 0.07 wt % C, 0.65 wt % Mn, 0.40 wt % Si, 13.00 wt % Cr, 2.60 wt % Ni, 1.80 wt % Mo, 0.60 wt % V, and 5.40 wt % Co, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.