Estimating nonlinear distortion and parameter tuning for boosting sound
Embodiments for estimating nonlinear distortion and for tuning parameter(s) for boosting sounds are described. A test signal including at least two simultaneous audible tones is generated. One tone is a fundamental tone and others are harmonics of the fundamental tone. The ratio of the number of nonlinear distortion products not coincident with the frequencies of the tones to the number of all the products is, as an example, greater than 0.80. A spectral analysis is performed on the response of a loudspeaker to the test signal. A nonlinear distortion value is estimated by regarding the energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals as contribution from the nonlinear distortion. A subjectively correlated measure of nonlinear distortion is obtained for tuning a parameter for boosting low frequency outputs of one or more loudspeakers.
1. A method of estimating nonlinear distortion of a loudspeaker, comprising:
generating a test signal including at least two simultaneous audible tone signals and applying the generated signal to the loudspeaker, wherein one of the tone signals is a fundamental tone signal and each of the rest of the tone signals is a harmonic of the fundamental tone signal, and wherein among harmonic distortion products and intermodulation distortion products of the tone signals within a specified audible frequency range and below a predetermined order of nonlinearity, a ratio of the number of the products not at the frequencies of the tone signals to the number of all the products is greater than 0.8;
performing a spectral analysis on the response of the loudspeaker to the test signal; and
estimating a nonlinear distortion value by regarding energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals as contribution from the nonlinear distortion,
wherein the method is applied to enhance performance of the loudspeaker.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined order of nonlinearity is lower than ten.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of the tone signals other than the fundamental tone signal is an odd harmonic of the fundamental tone signal.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the nonlinear distortion value is estimated as the square root of the ratio of the total energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals to the total energy at frequencies of the tone signals.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
one of the following numbers is zero:
the number of the 3rd-order products at frequencies of the tone signals;
the number of the 3rd-order and 4th-order products at frequencies of the tone signals;
the number of the 3rd-order, 4th-order and 5th-order products at frequencies of the tone signals.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the loudspeaker is an electro-dynamic loudspeaker, and the frequency of the fundamental tone signal is below the lower cutoff frequency of the loudspeaker, and the frequency of each of the rest of the tone signals is above the lower cutoff frequency.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amplitude of the test signal is less than or equal to x times the maximal amplitude of audio signals allowed to be fed to the loudspeaker, where x is a number between 0.01 and 0.9.
8. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
performing the following steps at least one time:
generating another test signal which is different only in the phase of at least one of the tone signals;
performing another spectral analysis on the response of the loudspeaker to the other test signal; and
estimating another nonlinear distortion value by regarding the energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals as contribution from the nonlinear distortion; and
averaging all the estimated nonlinear distortion values.
9. A system for estimating nonlinear distortion of a loudspeaker, comprising:
a signal generator which generates a test signal including at least two simultaneous audible tone signals and applying the generated signal to the loudspeaker, wherein one of the tone signals is a fundamental tone signal and each of the rest of the tone signals is a harmonic of the fundamental tone signal, and wherein among harmonic distortion products and intermodulation distortion products of the tone signals within a specified audible frequency range and below a predetermined order of nonlinearity, a ratio of the number of the products not at the frequencies of the tone signals to the number of all the products is greater than 0.8;
an analyzer which performs a spectral analysis on the response of the loudspeaker to the test signal; and
an estimator which estimates a nonlinear distortion value by regarding the energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals as contribution from the nonlinear distortion,
wherein the method is applied to enhance performance of the loudspeaker.
10. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the predetermined order of nonlinearity is lower than ten.
11. The system according to claim 9 , wherein each of the tone signals other than the fundamental tone signal is an odd harmonic of the fundamental tone signal.
12. The system according to claim 11 , wherein the nonlinear distortion value is estimated as the square root of the ratio of the total energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals to the total energy at frequencies of the tone signals.
13. The system according to claim 9 , wherein
one of the following numbers is zero:
the number of the 3rd-order products at frequencies of the tone signals;
the number of the 3rd-order and 4th-order products at frequencies of the tone signals;
the number of the 3rd-order, 4th-order and 5th-order products at frequencies of the tone signals.
14. The system according to claim 9 , wherein the loudspeaker is an electro-dynamic loudspeaker, and the frequency of the fundamental tone signal is below the lower cutoff frequency of the loudspeaker, and the frequency of each of the rest of the tone signals is above the lower cutoff frequency.
15. The system according to claim 9 , wherein
the signal generator is further configured to generate another test signal which is different only in the phase of at least one of the tone signals,
the analyzer is further configured to perform another spectral analysis on the response of the loudspeaker to the other test signal, and
the estimator is further configured to estimate another nonlinear distortion value by regarding the energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals as contribution from the nonlinear distortion, and average all the estimated nonlinear distortion values.
16. A method of tuning a parameter for boosting sounds below the lower cutoff frequency of an electro-dynamic loudspeaker, comprising:
setting the parameter to a parameter value;
generating a test signal including at least two simultaneous audible tone signals, wherein one of the tone signals is a fundamental tone signal and each of the rest of the tone signals is a harmonic of the fundamental tone signal, and wherein among harmonic distortion products and intermodulation distortion products of the tone signals within a specified audible frequency range and below a predetermined order of nonlinearity, a ratio of the number of the products not at the frequencies of the tone signals to the number of all the products is greater than 0.8;
processing the test signal in case of enabling the boosting;
performing spectral analyses on the responses of the loudspeaker to the test signal in case of enabling the boosting and in case of disabling the boosting respectively;
estimating nonlinear distortion values by regarding the energy at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental tone signal but not at the frequencies of the tone signals as contribution from the nonlinear distortion in the two cases respectively;
calculating a difference by subtracting the nonlinear distortion value estimated in case of disabling the boosting from the nonlinear distortion value estimated in case of enabling the boosting based on the setting of the parameter value; and
accepting the parameter value if the difference is lower than a threshold,
wherein the method of tuning the parameters enhance loudspeaker operations.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein each of the tone signals other than the fundamental tone signal is an odd harmonic of the fundamental tone signal.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein
one of the following numbers is zero:
the number of the 3rd-order products at frequencies of the tone signals;
the number of the 3rd-order and 4th-order products at frequencies of the tone signals;
the number of the 3rd-order, 4th-order and 5th-order products at frequencies of the tone signals.
19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the frequency of the fundamental tone signal is below the lower cutoff frequency of the loudspeaker, and the frequency of each of the rest of the tone signals is above the lower cutoff frequency.