Salinosporamides and methods of use thereof
The present invention is based on the discovery that certain fermentation products of the marine actinomycete strains CNB392 and CNB476 are effective inhibitors of hyperproliferative mammalian cells. The CNB392 and CNB476 strains lie within the family Micromonosporaceae, and the generic epithet Salinospora has been proposed for this obligate marine group. The reaction products produced by this strain are classified as salinosporamides, and are particularly advantageous in treating neoplastic disorders due to their low molecular weight, low IC 50 values, high pharmaceutical potency, and selectivity for cancer cells over fungi.
1. A method of treating a mammalian cell proliferative disorder comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the structure (I):
wherein:
R 1 to R 3 are each independently —H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, thioalkyl, substituted thioalkyl, hydroxy, halogen, amino, amido, carboxyl, —C(O)H, acyl, oxyacyl, carbamate, sulfonamide or sulfuryl;
each R 4 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl;
E 1 to E 4 are each independently —O, —NR 5 , or —S, wherein R 5 is —H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl 1;
X is 0 to 8; and
an additional anti-neoplastic agent,
wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of mammary cancer, small-cell lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, leukemia, melanoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer, central nervous system (CNS) cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, sarcoma cell of soft tissue, sarcoma cell of bone, head cancer, neck cancer, gastric cancer, thyroid cancer, stomach cancer, myeloma, bladder cancer, renal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer, non-Hodgkin's disease and Hodgkin's disease.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a substituted alkyl; R 2 is methyl; R 3 is hydroxyl; each R 4 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl; E 1 , E 3 and E 4 are —O, E 2 is —NR 5 , wherein R 5 is —H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl; and X is 0 to 8.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound has the structure of formula (V):
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammalian cell proliferative disorder is a neoplasm.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the neoplasm is a cancer.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additional anti-neoplastic agent is an antimetabolite, an alkylating agent, a plant alkaloid, an antibiotic, a hormone or an enzyme.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the antimetabolite is selected from the group consisting of methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, 6-mercaptopurine, cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of cyclophosphamide, melphalan, busulfan, paraplatin, chlorambucil and nitrogen mustard.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the plant alkaloid is selected from the group consisting of vincristine, vinblastine, taxol and etoposide.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitomycin c and bleomycin.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the hormone is selected from the group consisting of calusterone, diomostavolone, propionate, epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone, tamoxifen, polyestradiol phosphate, megesterol acetate, flutamide, nilutamide and trilotane.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of L-asparaginase derivatives and aminoacridine derivatives.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the aminoacridine derivative is amsacrine.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is myeloma.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is central nervous system (CNS) cancer.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is Hodgkin's disease.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is non-Hodgkin's disease.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is renal cancer.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is sarcoma cell of bone.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is leukemia.