High frequency bi-directional AC power transmission
View Patent ↗A method may involve transmitting power between a tethered aerial vehicle equipped with wind turbines for generating power and a ground station configured to interconnect the generated power to an electrical distribution network. The power may be transmitted using high voltage, high frequency AC electrical signals, and transformers at the ground station and the aerial vehicle can scale the AC voltage for use at the respective locations. Converters at the ground station and the aerial vehicle can then convert the transformed voltage to DC. The AC voltage may be transmitted through the tether at a resonant frequency of the tether based in part on an internal capacitance between multiple conductive paths on the tether.
1. A system comprising:
an aerial vehicle comprising: a propeller, a motor-generator mechanically coupled to the propeller, a DC bus electrically coupled to the motor-generator, a transformer, and a converter electrically coupled to the transformer, wherein the motor-generator is configured to alternately: (i) use energy from the DC bus to move the propeller and thereby generate thrust on the aerial vehicle, and (ii) generate electrical energy from movement of the propeller and, using the generated electrical energy, supply the DC bus;
a tether coupled to the aerial vehicle, wherein the tether comprises a first conductive path and a second conductive path configured to transmit an AC voltage by the first conductive path conducting a periodically varying voltage with respect to a voltage on the second conductive path; and
a ground station coupled to the aerial vehicle via the tether, wherein the ground station and the DC bus in the aerial vehicle are configured to transmit power between one another via the tether,
wherein the tether has an internal tether capacitance between the first conductive path and the second conductive path,
wherein the transformer is configured to transform between the AC voltage transmitted through the tether and a reduced AC voltage, and
wherein the converter is configured to convert between the reduced AC voltage and a DC voltage that supplies the DC bus.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one inductor coupled to at least one of the first and second conductive paths, and wherein the at least one inductor and the tether capacitance combine to cause resonant electrical oscillation of the AC voltage transmitted through the tether at a resonant frequency, wherein the resonant frequency is based, at least in part, on the tether capacitance and the at least one inductor.
3. The system of claim 2 ,
wherein the AC voltage transmitted through the tether periodically crosses through zero with a frequency based on the resonant frequency, and
wherein the converter is configured to use zero voltage switching to convert between the reduced AC voltage and the DC voltage.
4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising at least one capacitor coupled between the first and second conductive paths, in parallel with the tether capacitance, such that the resonant frequency is based on the tether capacitance, the at least one inductor, and the at least one capacitor.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the resonant frequency is greater than about 2 kilohertz.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a current source connected to the converter, and
wherein the current source charges the tether capacitance upon a given polarity reversal of the current source such that a voltage across the first and second conductive paths gradually changes between positive and negative values in response to the given polarity reversal.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the converter is configured to provide the reduced AC voltage with a frequency that exceeds about 2 kilohertz, and
wherein the transformer is configured to provide the AC voltage transmitted through the tether with a voltage that exceeds about 2 kilovolts.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the aerial vehicle further comprises a motor drive coupled between the DC bus and the motor-generator, wherein the motor drive is configured to: (i) draw energy from the DC bus for the motor-generator to use to move the propeller and thereby generate thrust, and (ii) supply the DC bus with electrical energy generated via the motor-generator from movement of the propeller.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ground station is configured to: (i) receive power from a power distribution grid; (ii) convert the received power to high frequency AC voltage; (iii) transform the high frequency AC voltage to a high voltage transmission level; and (iv) transmit the transformed high frequency AC voltage to the aerial vehicle through the tether.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ground station is configured to: (i) receive high frequency AC voltage from the aerial vehicle transmitted through the tether; (ii) transform the high frequency AC voltage to a lower voltage level; (iii) convert the transformed high frequency AC voltage to a voltage configured to be distributed over a power distribution grid; (iv) provide power to the power distribution grid using the converted voltage.