Capacitive energy-storage for a mobile working machine
A capacitor module includes a capacitor element, a first voltage terminal connected to a first pole of the capacitor element, and a second voltage terminal connected to a second pole of the capacitor element. The capacitor module further includes a cooling duct system for cooling the capacitor element, and a housing encapsulating the capacitor element and the cooling duct system. The housing comprises wiring lead-throughs for the first and second voltage terminals and piping lead-throughs for the cooling duct system. As the capacitive module is encapsulated and includes the cooling ducts and the wiring and piping lead-throughs, modular capacitive energy-storages of different sizes can be built by interconnecting capacitor modules of the kind described above, and there is no need to build separately an encapsulation provided with cooling ducts.
1. A capacitor module for storing direct voltage, the capacitor module comprising:
a capacitor element;
a first voltage terminal connected to a first pole of the capacitor element;
a second voltage terminal connected to a second pole of the capacitor element;
a cooling duct system configured to cool the capacitor element;
a housing encapsulating the capacitor element and the cooling duct system, the housing comprising
wiring lead-throughs for the first and second voltage terminals, and
piping lead-throughs for the cooling duct system; and
one or more inductor coils inside the housing and configured to smooth current of the capacitor module, each of the inductor coils being connected between a pole of the first voltage terminal and the first pole of the capacitor element so that the first pole of the capacitor element is connected to the pole of the first voltage terminal via the respective inductor coil,
wherein walls of the cooling duct system isolate an interior space of the cooling duct system from space surrounding the cooling duct system inside the housing.
2. The capacitor module according to claim 1 , wherein the housing, the wiring lead-throughs, and the piping lead-throughs are configured to prevent solid particles greater than 1 mm from penetrating into the space surrounding the cooling duct system inside the housing.
3. The capacitor module according to claim 2 , wherein the housing, the wiring lead-throughs, and the piping lead-throughs are configured to seal the space surrounding the cooling duct system inside the housing to be at least one of the following: dust-tight and water-tight.
4. The capacitor module according to claim 1 , further comprising:
measuring equipment located inside the housing and configured to measure data related to the capacitor module; and
a data interface configured to transmit the measured data to an external data transfer system.
5. The capacitor module according to claim 4 , wherein the measuring equipment is configured to measure data indicative of at least one of the following: current of the capacitor element, voltage of the capacitor element, currents of parallel connected sub-elements of the capacitor element, voltages of series connected sub-elements of the capacitor element, and the temperature inside the housing.
6. The capacitor module according to claim 4 , wherein the data interface is configured to receive data from the external data transfer system, and
the capacitor module further comprises a controller connected to the data interface and to the measuring equipment, the controller being configured to generate data related to a capacitive energy-storage comprising the capacitor module and one or more other capacitor modules on the basis of the measured data and the data received from the external data transfer system.
7. The capacitor module according to claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to generate data indicating at least one of the following: voltage of the capacitive energy-storage on the basis of data indicative of voltages of the capacitor module and the one or more other capacitor modules, current of the capacitive energy-storage on the basis of data indicative of currents of the capacitor module and the one or more other capacitor modules, and maximum temperature of the capacitive energy-storage on the basis of data indicative of temperatures of the capacitor module and the one or more other capacitor modules.
8. The capacitor module according to claim 1 , wherein the capacitor element comprises one or more electric double-layer capacitors.
9. A capacitive energy-storage for storing direct voltage, the capacitive energy-storage comprising:
a capacitor system comprising at least two electrically interconnected capacitor modules each comprising a cooling duct system, one of the capacitor modules being a first capacitor module, and
a piping connecting the cooling duct systems of the capacitor modules to each other to enable the capacitive energy-storage to be connected to an external coolant circulation system,
wherein each of the at least two electrically interconnected capacitor modules comprises:
a capacitor element configured to be cooled by the cooling duct system of the capacitor module,
a first voltage terminal connected to a first pole of the capacitor element,
a second voltage terminal connected to a second pole of the capacitor element, and
a housing encapsulating the capacitor element and the cooling duct system, the housing comprising
wiring lead-throughs for the first and second voltage terminals, and
piping lead-throughs for the cooling duct system,
wherein at least one of the capacitor modules comprises one or more inductor coils inside the housing of the at least one capacitor module and configured to smooth current of the at least one capacitor module, each of the inductor coils being connected between a pole of the first voltage terminal of the at least one capacitor module and the first pole of the capacitor element of the at least one capacitor module so that the first pole of the capacitor element of the at least one capacitor module is connected to the pole of the first voltage terminal of the at least one capacitor module via the respective inductor coil, and
wherein walls of the cooling duct system isolate an interior space of the cooling duct system from space surrounding the cooling duct system inside the housing.
10. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 9 , wherein each of the capacitor modules comprises measuring equipment located inside the housing of the capacitor module and configured to measure data related to this capacitor module, and each of the capacitor modules comprises a data interface configured to transmit the measured data to an external data transfer system.
11. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 9 , further comprising at least one electronic power converter connected to the capacitor system and configured to change voltage of the capacitor system, the electronic power converter comprising one of the inductor coils located inside the housing of the first capacitor module and a power electronic circuit located outside the housings of the capacitor modules.
12. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 11 , further comprising a cooling duct connected to the piping and configured to cool the power electronic circuit of the electronic power converter.
13. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 11 , wherein the power electronic circuit of the electronic power converter comprises
a first electrical node,
a second electrical node connected to the capacitor system,
a third electrical node connected to the inductor coil, and
controllable power switches configured to select whether the third electrical node is connected to the first electrical node or to the second electrical node.
14. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 10 , wherein the first capacitor module comprises a controller located inside the housing of the first capacitor module and connected to the data interface of the first capacitor module and to the measuring equipment of the first capacitor module, the controller being configured to generate data related to the capacitive energy-storage at least partly on the basis of data measured in the capacitor modules.
15. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 14 , wherein the first capacitor module comprises one or more protection relays located inside the housing of the first capacitor module, and
the controller is configured to control the protection relays to break-off current of the capacitive energy-storage in response to at least one of the following situations: the current of the capacitive energy-storage exceeds a pre-determined limit current, voltage of the capacitive energy-storage exceeds a pre-determined limit voltage, and the temperature of the capacitive energy-storage exceeds a pre-determined limit temperature.
16. The capacitive energy-storage according to claim 9 , wherein the first capacitor module comprises a fault-current detector located inside the housing of the first capacitor module and configured to detect leakage current between a high voltage terminal of the capacitor system and the housings of the capacitor modules and leakage current between a low voltage terminal of the capacitor system and the housings of the capacitor modules.
17. A mobile working machine comprising:
a combustion engine; and
an electromechanical power transmission chain between the combustion engine and one or more actuators of the mobile working machine,
wherein the electromechanical power transmission chain comprises a capacitive energy-storage that comprises:
a capacitor system comprising at least two electrically interconnected capacitor modules each comprising a cooling duct system, one of the capacitor modules being a first capacitor module, and
a piping connecting the cooling duct systems of the capacitor modules to each other so as to enable the capacitive energy-storage to be connected to an external coolant circulation system,
wherein each of the at least two electrically interconnected capacitor modules comprises:
a capacitor element configured to be cooled by the cooling duct system of the capacitor module under consideration,
a first voltage terminal connected to a first pole of the capacitor element,
a second voltage terminal connected to a second pole of the capacitor element, and
a housing encapsulating the capacitor element and the cooling duct system, the housing comprising
wiring lead-throughs for the first and second voltage terminals, and
piping lead-throughs for the cooling duct system,
wherein at least one of the capacitor modules comprises one or more inductor coils inside the housing of the at least one capacitor module and configured to smooth current of the at least one capacitor module, each of the inductor coils being connected between a pole of the first voltage terminal of the at least one capacitor module and the first pole of the capacitor element of the at least one capacitor module so that the first pole of the capacitor element of the at least one capacitor module is connected to the pole of the first voltage terminal of the at least one capacitor module via the respective inductor coil, and
wherein walls of the cooling duct system isolate interior space of the cooling duct system from space surrounding the cooling duct system inside the housing.
18. The mobile working machine according to claim 17 , wherein the mobile working machine comprises a liquid cooling system connected to the piping of the capacitive energy-storage and configured to cool the electromechanical power transmission chain and a hydraulic system of the mobile working machine.
19. The mobile working machine according to claim 17 , wherein the mobile working machine comprises a liquid cooling system connected to the piping of the capacitive energy-storage and configured to cool the electromechanical power transmission chain and the combustion engine.