Systems, methods, and apparatuses for facilitating device-to-device connection establishment

1. A method comprising:

receiving a device-to-device registration request originated by a first terminal apparatus located within a device-to-device registration area; and

registering, by device-to-device registration server function circuitry, the first terminal apparatus based at least in part upon the device-to-device registration request;

wherein the device-to-device registration request comprises an indication of a device-to-device user identifier for the first terminal apparatus and a network-allocated identifier for the terminal apparatus,

wherein registering the first terminal apparatus comprises

authenticating the first terminal apparatus based at least in part on the network-allocated identifier,

generating a mapping between the device-to-device user identifier and at least one of the network-allocated identifier or an updated network-allocated identifier, and

storing the generated mapping in a device-to-device registration database for the device-to-device registration area; and

transmitting a device-to-device registration response comprising an updated device-to-device network-allocated identifier to the first terminal apparatus.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the device-to-device registration area is identified by a device-to-device registration area identification which is unique among a group of device-to-device registration areas comprising the device-to-device registration area and any neighboring device-to-device registration areas such that a terminal apparatus is enabled to determine when it is transitioning into a new device-to-device registration area and needs to originate a device-to-device registration request.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving a device-to-device connection establishment request originated by the first terminal apparatus, wherein the device-to-device connection establishment request comprises an indication of an identifier for a second terminal apparatus; and

paging, in response to receipt of the device-to-device connection establishment request, the second terminal apparatus to facilitate establishment of a device-to-device connection between the first terminal apparatus and the second terminal apparatus.

4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:

determining a paging area based at least in part upon the device-to-device connection establishment request; and wherein:

paging the second terminal apparatus comprises directing paging the second terminal apparatus only in the determined paging area.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein determining the paging area comprises:

determining a cell by which the device-to-device connection establishment request was received from the first terminal apparatus; and

defining the paging area to comprise the determined cell.

6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:

allocating a subset of available network resources for the device-to-device connection between the first terminal apparatus and the second terminal apparatus;

generating a token specifying the allocated network resources; and

providing the token to at least one of the first terminal apparatus or second terminal apparatus.

7. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least:

receive a device-to-device registration request originated by a first terminal apparatus located within a device-to-device registration area; and

register the first terminal apparatus based at least in part upon the device-to-device registration request;

wherein the device-to-device registration request comprises an indication of a device-to-device user identifier for the first terminal apparatus and a network-allocated identifier for the terminal apparatus, and

wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to register the first terminal apparatus at least in part by authenticating the first terminal apparatus based at least in part on the network-allocated identifier, generating a mapping between the device-to-device user identifier and at least one of the network-allocated identifier or an updated network-allocated identifier, and storing the generated mapping in a device-to-device registration database for the device-to-device registration area; and

transmit a device-to-device registration response comprising an updated device-to-device network-allocated identifier to the first terminal apparatus.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the device-to-device registration area is identified by a device-to-device registration area identification which is unique among a group of device-to-device registration areas comprising the device-to-device registration area and any neighboring device-to-device registration areas such that a terminal apparatus is enabled to determine when it is transitioning into a new device-to-device registration area and needs to originate a device-to-device registration request.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:

receive a device-to-device connection establishment request originated by the first terminal apparatus, wherein the device-to-device connection establishment request comprises an indication of an identifier for a second terminal apparatus; and

page, in response to receipt of the device-to-device connection establishment request, the second terminal apparatus to facilitate establishment of a device-to-device connection between the first terminal apparatus and the second terminal apparatus.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:

determine a paging area based at least in part upon the device-to-device connection establishment request; and wherein:

the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to page the second terminal apparatus only in the determined paging area.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine the paging area at least in part by:

determining a cell by which the device-to-device connection establishment request was received from the first terminal apparatus; and

defining the paging area to comprise the determined cell.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:

allocate a subset of available network resources for the device-to-device connection between the first terminal apparatus and the second terminal apparatus;

generate a token specifying the allocated network resources; and

provide the token to at least one of the first terminal apparatus or second terminal apparatus.

13. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least:

determine a paging area for a first terminal apparatus based at least in part upon a connection establishment request originated by the first terminal apparatus seeking to establish a connection with a second terminal apparatus;

page the second terminal apparatus only in the determined paging area to facilitate establishment of a device-to-device connection between the first terminal apparatus and the second terminal apparatus in response to the connection establishment request;

determine a cell by which the device-to-device connection establishment request was received from the first terminal apparatus; and

determine the paging area by defining the paging area to comprise the determined cell.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine the paging area by further defining the paging area to comprise one or more cells neighboring the determined cell.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine the paging area by further defining the paging area to comprise one or more cells within a device-to-device registration area in which the second terminal apparatus is registered.

16. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the at least one memory and stored computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:

determine based at least in part upon the connection establishment request whether to facilitate establishment of a device-to-device connection or a cellular connection.