Friction brake mechanism and associated steering column
In order to provide a fail-safe operating mode during a transition between an autonomous steering mode and a driver-controlled steering mode in an emergency situation, a steering system comprises a steering shaft, a brake mechanism movable between an released position and a engaged position for angularly locking the steering shaft, and an override such that a non-destructive external torque applied to the steering shaft above a given threshold when the brake mechanism is in the engaged position results in a rotation of the steering shaft.
1. A steering system comprising a steering shaft and a brake mechanism movable between a released position and an engaged position for angularly locking the steering shaft, wherein the brake mechanism comprises an override such that a non-destructive external torque applied to the steering shaft above a given torque threshold when the brake mechanism is in the engaged position results in a rotation of the steering shaft, wherein the brake mechanism comprises:
a friction element non-rotatable relative to the steering shaft;
a first locking element provided with an annular friction face that faces the friction element;
at least one biasing spring for biasing the first locking element into frictional engagement with the friction element and for applying a predetermined biasing force to the first locking element in the engaged position, the predetermined biasing force being such that the first locking element starts slipping, relative to the friction element, upon application of the non-destructive external torque greater than the torque threshold; and
a second locking element and an actuator for operably engaging second locking element with the first locking element for angularly locking the first locking element in the engaged position.
2. The steering system of claim 1 , further comprising an adjustable abutment for loading the biasing spring, the adjustable abutment being fixed at an adjustable position in relation to the steering shaft.
3. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein the biasing spring is a helicoidal spring wound around the steering shaft.
4. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein the torque threshold is more than 1 Nm and less than 13 Nm.
5. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein the actuator is an electromechanical actuator.
6. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second locking elements includes an annular interface in contact with the other of the first and second locking elements in the engaged position.
7. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second locking elements are positively engaged with one another in the engaged position.
8. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second locking elements includes an annular interface with a number of protrusions and/or recesses distributed over a circumference of the annular interface.
9. The steering system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second locking elements are frictionally engaged with one another in the engaged position.
10. The steering system of claim 1 , further comprising a bearing between the first locking element and the steering shaft.
11. A steering system comprising a steering shaft and a brake mechanism movable between a released position and an engaged position for angularly locking the steering shaft, wherein the brake mechanism comprises an override such that a non-destructive external torque applied to the steering shaft above a given torque threshold when the brake mechanism is in the engaged position results in a rotation of the steering shaft, wherein the brake mechanism comprises:
a friction element non-rotatable relative to the steering shaft;
a first locking element provided with an annular friction face that faces the friction element;
at least one biasing spring for biasing the first locking element into frictional engagement with the friction element and for applying a predetermined biasing force to the first locking element in the engaged position, the predetermined biasing force being such that the first locking element starts slipping relative to the friction element upon application of the non-destructive external torque greater than the torque threshold; and
a second locking element and an actuator for positively engaging the second locking element with the first locking element for angularly locking the first locking element in the engaged position.
12. A steering system comprising a steering shaft defining a steering axis, and a brake mechanism movable between a released position and an engaged position for angularly locking the steering shaft, wherein the brake mechanism comprises an override such that a non-destructive external torque applied to the steering shaft above a given torque threshold when the brake mechanism is in the engaged position results in a rotation of the steering shaft, wherein the brake mechanism comprises:
a friction element non-rotatable relative to the steering shaft;
a toothed sleeve rotatable relative to the steering shaft;
at least one biasing spring for axially biasing the toothed sleeve into frictional engagement with the friction element and for applying a predetermined biasing force to the toothed sleeve, the predetermined biasing force being such that the friction element and the toothed sleeve start slipping upon application of the non-destructive external torque greater than the torque threshold;
a locking element; and
an actuator for operably engaging the locking element with the toothed sleeve for angularly locking the toothed sleeve in the engaged position.