Aqueous dispersions and coatings

1. A method, comprising:

providing a coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion including:

a reaction product of an oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer, an acid-functional polymer, and a tertiary amine, and

a crosslinker; and

applying the aqueous dispersion to a metal substrate of a food or beverage can; and

hardening the aqueous dispersion to form a cured film.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker comprises a phenoplast resin.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenoplast resin comprises the condensation product of an aldehyde with a phenol.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aldehyde comprises formaldehyde.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aldehyde comprises acetaldehyde.

6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the phenol comprises phenol, cresol, p-phenylphenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-tert-amylphenol, or cyclopentylphenol.

7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phenoplast resin comprises a condensation product of (i) formaldehyde or acetaldehyde and (ii) phenol, cresol, p-phenylphenol, p-tert-butylphenol, p-tert-amylphenol, or cyclopentylphenol.

8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the coating composition includes at least 5% by weight of the phenoplast resin, based on the total weight of resin solids in the coating composition.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid-functional polymer is an acid-functional vinyl addition polymer.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the acid-functional vinyl addition polymer comprises, by weight, 5 to 20 parts styrene, 30 to 70 parts alkyl (meth)acrylate, and 30 to 70 parts acid-functional monomer.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer has a number average molecular weight of 2,500 to 20,000, and wherein the acid-functional polymer has a number average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 15,000.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition is substantially free of BPA.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating composition is substantially free of BPA and aromatic glycidyl ether compounds.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer has an oxirane functionality of 0.5 to 5, and wherein the acid-functional polymer has an acid number of 30 to 500.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer to acid-functional polymer is between 90:10 and 50:50.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cured film includes a crosslinked polymer having a crosslink segment of the general formula:

—Y—C(R 2 )—C(R)(OH)—C(R 2 )—O—(O)C—X r —,

wherein: Y is a divalent organic group; X is a divalent organic group; R is H, or a C1 to C6 organic group; and r is 0 or 1.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the food or beverage can comprises a two-piece drawn and ironed can.

18. A method, comprising:

providing a coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion including:

a reaction product of an oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer, an acid-functional polymer, and a tertiary amine, and

a phenoplast resin;

spray applying the coating composition on an inside surface of a metal food or beverage can; and

hardening the aqueous dispersion to form a cured film.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the acid-functional polymer is an acid-functional vinyl addition polymer.

20. A method, comprising:

providing a coating composition that is substantially free of BPA and aromatic glycidyl ether compounds, the coating composition comprising an aqueous dispersion including:

a reaction product of an oxirane-functional vinyl addition polymer, an acid-functional vinyl addition polymer, and a tertiary amine, and

a phenoplast resin;

spray applying the coating composition on an inside surface of a metal food or beverage can; and

hardening the aqueous dispersion to form a cured film.