Vertically printing LEDs in series
A first layer of first vertical light emitting diodes (VLEDs) is printed on a conductor surface. A first transparent conductor layer is deposited over the first VLEDs to electrically contact top electrodes of the first VLEDs. A second layer of second VLEDs is printed on the first transparent conductor layer. Since the VLEDs are printed as an ink, the second VLEDs are not vertically aligned with the first VLEDs, so light from the first VLEDs is not substantially blocked by the second VLEDs when the VLEDs are turned on. A second transparent conductor layer is deposited over the second VLEDs to electrically contact top electrodes of the second VLEDs. By this structure, the first VLEDs are connected in parallel, the second VLEDs are connected in parallel, and the first layer of first VLEDs and the second layer of second VLEDs are connected in series by the first transparent conductor layer.
1. An illumination structure comprising:
a conductor surface;
a first layer of first vertical light emitting diodes (VLEDs) distributed on the conductor surface, the first VLEDs having a bottom electrode electrically contacting the conductor surface;
a first dielectric layer between the first VLEDs;
a first transparent conductor layer overlying the first VLEDs and first dielectric layer, the first VLEDs having a top electrode electrically contacting the first transparent conductor layer;
a second layer of second VLEDs distributed on the first transparent conductor layer, the second VLEDs having a bottom electrode electrically contacting the first transparent conductor layer, the second layer of second VLEDs overlying the first layer of first VLEDs;
a transparent second dielectric layer between the second VLEDs; and
a second transparent conductor layer overlying the second VLEDs and second dielectric layer, the second VLEDs having a top electrode electrically contacting the second transparent conductor layer,
wherein the first VLEDs are connected in parallel by the conductor surface and the first transparent conductor layer,
wherein the second VLEDs are connected in parallel by the first transparent conductor layer and the second transparent conductor layer,
wherein the first layer of first VLEDs and the second layer of second VLEDs are connected in series by the first transparent conductor layer; and
wherein the first VLEDs and the second VLEDs are not vertically aligned so that a majority of light exiting the first VLEDs is not blocked by the second VLEDs when the first VLEDs and the second VLEDs are turned on.
2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the first transparent conductor layer comprises two transparent conductor layers deposited back to back.
3. The structure of claim 1 wherein the first VLEDs are randomly distributed over the conductor surface, and the second VLEDs are randomly distributed over the first transparent layer.
4. The structure of claim 1 wherein the conductor surface comprises a conductive layer formed on a substrate.
5. The structure of claim 1 further comprising a substrate supporting the conductor surface.
6. The structure of claim 5 wherein the substrate is conductive.
7. The structure of claim 1 wherein the first VLEDs and the second VLEDs are printed as an ink comprising a solvent.
8. The structure of claim 1 wherein the first VLEDs and the second VLEDs are microscopic VLEDs randomly distributed over the conductor surface and the first transparent conductor layer.
9. The structure of claim 1 further comprising metal bus bars contacting the first transparent conductor layer and the second transparent conductor layer.
10. The structure of claim 1 further comprising a wavelength conversion layer overlying the second transparent conductor layer.
11. The structure of claim 1 further comprising:
a first electrode contacting the conductor surface;
a second electrode contacting the first transparent conductor layer;
a third electrode contacting the second transparent conductor layer;
a first voltage connected between the first electrode and the second electrode for turning on the first VLEDs; and
a second voltage connected between the second electrode and the third electrode for turning on the second VLEDs.
12. The structure of claim 1 further comprising:
a first electrode contacting the conductor surface;
a second electrode contacting the second transparent conductor layer; and
a first voltage connected between the first electrode and the second electrode for turning on the first VLEDs and the second VLEDs.
13. The structure of claim 1 wherein the structure is flexible.