FORMING CONDUCTIVE PATTERN USING TITANIA SOL-GEL
A conductive metal pattern is formed using a layer of a titania sol-gel formed from a titania precursor composition of (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, to form a layer of a titania sol-gel on the substrate. The layer is contacted with electroless seed metal ions to provide a layer of electroless seed metal ions, imagewise exposed to form non-exposed regions and exposed regions. The electroless seed metal ions in the non-exposed regions are removed and the electroless seed metal nuclei within the titania sol-gel in the exposed regions are then electrolessly plated with a conductive metal.
1 . A method for forming a conductive metal pattern, comprising:
providing a layer of a titania sol-gel formed from a titania precursor composition that comprises: (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) a R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, wherein the molar amounts of (a) through (d) are sufficient to form a layer of a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate,
contacting the layer of titania sol-gel with electroless seed metal ions to provide a layer of electroless seed metal ions within the layer of titania sol-gel on the substrate,
imagewise exposing the layer of electroless seed metal ions deposited within the layer of titania sol-gel to form non-exposed regions and exposed regions, the non-exposed regions comprising non-exposed electroless seed metal ions within the titania sol-gel, and the exposed regions comprising electroless seed metal nuclei within the titania sol-gel,
removing the electroless seed metal ions in the non-exposed regions, and
electrolessly plating the electroless seed metal nuclei within the titania sol-gel in the exposed regions using a metal that is the same as or different from the electroless seed metal nuclei.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the titanium alkoxide comprises the same or different alkoxide groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the titanium aryloxide is a titanium phenoxide.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of halogen is a silane comprising a hydrolyzable halogen group.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid having a pK a less than 1 is selected from hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, and chloric acid.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide to the R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound is from 1:0.5 to and including 1:4.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of halogen is a silane that comprises a hydrolyzable halogen group, and the molar ratio of the titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide to the source of halogen is from 1:1 to and including 1:0.01.
8 . The method of claim 1 , comprising exposing the pattern of electroless seed metal ions with radiation having a λ max of at least 150 nm and up to and including 380 nm.
9 . The method of claim 1 , comprising contacting the electroless seed metal nuclei within the titania sol-gel in the exposed regions with electroless seed metal ions selected from the group consisting of silver ions and palladium ions.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electroless plating metal is selected from the group consisting of copper(II), silver(I), gold(IV), palladium(II), platinum(II), nickel(II), chromium(II), and combinations thereof.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the titania precursor composition comprises titanium(IV) isopropoxide, ethyl acetoacetate, water, and either a trichloro silane or hydrochloric acid in sufficient molar amounts to provide a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the titania precursor composition further comprises an organic polymer binder.
13 . The method of claim 1 , comprising removing the electroless seed metal ions within the titania sol-gel in the non-exposed regions contacting the electroless seed metal ions with a chelating agent having a K sp strong enough to remove the electroless seed metal ions from the titania sol-gel layer.
14 . A precursor article comprising a substrate having a layer of a titania sol-gel that has been formed from a titania precursor composition that comprises: (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) a R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, wherein the molar amounts of (a) through (d) are sufficient to form a layer of a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate.
15 . An intermediate article comprising a substrate and having disposed thereon a layer of titania sol-gel, the layer of titania sol-gel comprising electroless seed metal ions within the titania sol-gel that has been formed from a titania precursor composition that comprises: (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) a R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, wherein the molar amounts of (a) through (d) are sufficient to form a layer of a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate.
16 . An intermediate article comprising a substrate and having disposed thereon a layer of a titania sol-gel, the layer of titania sol-gel comprising exposed regions comprising electroless seed metal nuclei within the titania sol-gel, and non-exposed regions comprising corresponding electroless seed metal ions within the titania sol-gel,
wherein the layer of titania sol-gel has been formed from a layer of titania precursor composition that comprises: (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) a R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, wherein the molar amounts of (a) through (d) are sufficient to form a layer of a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate.
17 . An intermediate article comprising a substrate and having disposed thereon a layer of a titania sol-gel, the layer of titania sol-gel comprising exposed regions comprising electroless seed metal nuclei within the titania sol-gel, and non-exposed regions comprising only the titania sol-gel,
wherein the layer of titania sol-gel has been formed from a layer of titania precursor composition that comprises: (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) a R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, wherein the molar amounts of (a) through (d) are sufficient to form a layer of a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate.
18 . A product article comprising a substrate and having disposed thereon a layer of a titania sol-gel, the layer of titania sol-gel comprising exposed regions comprising electrolessly plated metal within the titania sol-gel, and non-exposed regions comprising only the titania sol-gel,
wherein the titania sol-gel has been formed from a layer of titania precursor composition that comprises: (a) a titanium alkoxide or titanium aryloxide, (b) a R(O) m COCH 2 CO(O) n R′ compound wherein R and R′ are independently alkyl having at least 1 carbon atom, and m and n are independently 0 or 1, (c) water, (d) either an acid having a pK a less than 1 or a source of a halogen, and (e) a water-miscible organic solvent, on a substrate, wherein the molar amounts of (a) through (d) are sufficient to form a layer of a titania sol-gel upon drying on the substrate.