METHOD OF FORMING UNDERGROUND CAVERN AND DESALINIZATION PROCESS
Embodiments relate to techniques for forming underground caverns, and also to desalinization processes that may be employed in conjunction therewith. Particular embodiments form a salt cavern by introducing heated water into a salt formation, followed by removal of the resulting brine to leave a salt cavern. The injected water is provided as a result of a desalinization process of the brine. Concentrated brine resulting from the desalinization process, is used to form a solar pond whose stored thermal energy provides the heat source for the injected water. The resulting underground cavern may be employed to house large volumes of materials such as pressurized natural gas, liquid hydrocarbons, or compressed gas for energy storage. Also disclosed is a particular desalinization process based upon a Regenerative Evaporative Distiller (RED) structure, which efficiently leverages low grade heat available from the solar pond by relying primarily upon a latent heat of evaporation and condensation.
1 . A method comprising:
providing a first liquid stream flowed in a first direction, in gaseous communication through a common head space with a second liquid stream flowed in a second direction opposite to the first direction; and
applying specific heat to cause evaporation in the second channel and condensation in the first channel.
2 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed through a channel.
3 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed through a wick.
4 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the specific heat is applied between:
a Regenerative Evaporative Distiller (RED) structure comprising the first and second liquid streams and allowing both mass transfer and thermal transfer; and
a counterflow heat exchanger containing the first and second liquid streams and allowing only thermal transfer.
5 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the specific heat is provided from a solar pond.
6 . A method as in claim 1 wherein:
the first liquid stream comprises a first aqueous solution; and
the second liquid stream comprises a second aqueous solution.
7 . A method as in claim 6 wherein:
the first aqueous solution comprises brine; and
the second liquid stream comprises a dilute aqueous solution.
8 . A method as in claim 6 wherein:
the first aqueous solution comprises brine; and
the second liquid stream comprises potable water.
9 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed at least in part by gravity.
10 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed at least part by siphon action.
11 . A method as in claim 1 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed at least part by capillary action.
12 . A method as in claim 1 further comprising applying an electrical potential difference between the first liquid stream and the second liquid stream.
13 . A method as in claim 1 further comprising reducing a pressure of the common head space.
14 . An apparatus comprising:
a first liquid stream flowed in a first direction, in gaseous communication through a common head space with a second liquid stream flowed in a second direction opposite to the first direction; and
a source of specific heat configured to cause evaporation in the second channel and condensation in the first channel.
15 . An apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising a channel to receive the first liquid stream.
16 . An apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising a wick to receive the first liquid stream.
17 . An apparatus as in claim 14 wherein:
a Regenerative Evaporative Distiller (RED) structure comprises the first and second liquid streams and allows both mass transfer and thermal transfer; and
the apparatus further comprises a counterflow heat exchanger containing the first and second liquid streams and allows only thermal transfer.
18 . An apparatus as in claim 14 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed by gravity.
19 . An apparatus as in claim 14 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed by siphon action.
20 . An apparatus as in claim 14 wherein the first liquid stream is flowed by capillary action.
21 . An apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising a power supply configured to apply a potential difference between the first liquid stream and the second liquid stream.
22 . An apparatus as in claim 21 further comprising an electrode.
23 . An apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising an element configured to reduce a pressure in the head space.
24 . An apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising a partition projecting into the head space.