Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling transitions in an optically switchable device. In one aspect, a controller for a tintable window may include a processor, an input for receiving output signals from sensors, and instructions for causing the processor to determine a level of tint of the tintable window, and an output for controlling the level of tint in the tintable window. The instructions may include a relationship between the received output signals and the level of tint, with the relationship employing output signals from an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor. In some instances, the controller may receive output signals over a network and/or be interfaced with a network, and in some instances, the controller may be a standalone controller that is not interfaced with a network.
1. A method of limiting energy consumption in a facility having at least one tintable window between an interior and exterior of the facility, wherein the level of tinting in the tintable window can be controlled automatically, the method comprising:
(a) receiving output signals from any two or more sensors selected from the group consisting of an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor;
(b) determining a level of tint for said tintable window using a relationship between the received output signals and the level of tint, the relationship being based in part on scheduling information for the facility and whether the window is transitioning from a darker tint to a lighter tint or from a lighter tint to a darker tint; and
(c) providing instructions to change the tint of the tintable window to the level of tint determined in (b).
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying voltage or current to the tintable window to drive the change in tint pursuant to the instructions provided in (c).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the relationship used in (b) reduces energy consumption caused by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting in the facility than otherwise would be caused, while providing conditions suitable for occupancy of the facility.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising receiving an energy or power consumption signal indicating energy or power consumption by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting in the facility, and using said energy or power consumption signal together with the received output signals in (a) to determine the level of tinting for said tintable window.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scheduling information comprises time of year and/or time of day information for the facility.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the scheduling information further comprises information about the geographical facing direction of the tintable window and a latitude and a longitude of the facility.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the relationship employed in (b) is an expression in which the level of tint is the dependent variable and the output signals are independent variables.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein determining the level of tint for the tintable window includes multiplying each of the two or more output signals by a respective weighting value, the determining further including determining a sum of the products of the multiplications.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the weighting values is based on the scheduling information.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the output signals comprise the output signal from an exterior photosensor, and wherein the relationship employed in (b) requires (i) transitioning from a first lighter tint level to a second darker tint level when the output signal from the exterior photosensor passes a first threshold and (ii) transitioning from the second darker tint level to the first lighter tint level when the output signal from the exterior photosensor passes a second threshold, and wherein the first and second thresholds are different.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first threshold is reached at a first value of irradiance and the second threshold is reached at a second value of irradiance, and the first value is greater than the second value.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more sensors include a transmissivity sensor capable of measuring an amount of light passing through the tintable window.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two or more sensors include an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor and a transmissivity sensor, the transmissivity sensor being capable of determining an amount of light passing through the tintable window based on the output signals from the exterior photosensor and the interior photosensor.
14. A method of controlling at least one tintable window comprising:
(a) receiving an output signal from each of two or more sensors selected from the group consisting of an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor;
(b) providing the received two or more output signals to a lookup table in which levels of tint are specified for various combinations of output signal values;
(c) obtaining a level of tint specified for the provided two or more output signals from the lookup table; and
(d) providing instructions to change the tint of the tintable window to the obtained level of tint.
15. A method of limiting energy consumption in a facility having at least one tintable window between an interior and exterior of the facility, wherein the level of tinting in the tintable window can be controlled automatically, the method comprising:
(a) receiving output signals from any two or more sensors selected from the group consisting of an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor, wherein the output signals comprise a signal from the exterior photosensor and a signal from the interior photosensor, and;
(b) determining a level of tint for said tintable window using a relationship between the received output signals and the level of tint wherein the relationship is an expression or look up table in which the level of tint is the dependent variable and the signals from the exterior photosensor and the interior photosensor are independent variables, the relationship further being based in part on scheduling information for the facility; and
(c) providing instructions to change the tint of the tintable window to the level of tint determined in (b).
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the relationship employed in (b) uses scheduling information comprising time of year and/or time of day information for the facility.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the output signals further comprise a signal from the occupancy sensor, and wherein the relationship employed in (b) further employs the signal from the occupancy sensor.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the relationship employed in (b) further employs an energy or power consumption signal indicating energy or power consumption by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting in the facility.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the level of tint determined in (b) reduces energy consumption by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting in the facility while providing conditions suitable for occupancy of the facility.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the scheduling information further comprises information about the geographical facing direction of the tintable window and a latitude and a longitude of the facility.
21. A controller for a tintable window for a facility having at least one tintable window between an interior and exterior of the facility, the controller comprising:
(a) a processor or control circuit;
(b) at least one input for receiving output signals from two or more sensors selected from the group consisting of an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor;
(c) instructions for causing the processor or control circuit to determine a level of tint for said tintable window by using a relationship between the received two or more output signals and the level of tint, the relationship being based in part on scheduling information for the facility, wherein the instructions include instructions for:
providing the received two or more output signals to a lookup table in which levels of tint are specified for various combinations of the two or more output signals, and
obtaining the level of tint specified for the provided output signals from the lookup table; and
(d) at least one output for controlling, directly or indirectly, the level of tint of the tintable window based on the determined level of tint.
22. The controller of claim 21 , further comprising a power supply for applying voltage or current to the tintable window to drive the tintable window to the level of tint determined by the instructions.
23. The controller of claim 21 , further comprising logic for receiving one or more of the output signals from a building management system, a lighting control panel, or a security system for the facility.
24. The controller of claim 21 , further comprising logic for extracting one or more of the output signals from information provided by a building management system, a lighting control panel, or a security system for the facility.
25. The controller of claim 21 , further comprising a network interface for communicating with a network containing a building management system for the facility, a lighting control panel for the facility, and/or a security system for the facility.
26. The controller of claim 21 , further comprising logic for receiving an energy or power consumption signal indicating energy or power consumption by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting in the facility.
27. The controller of claim 26 , wherein the instructions further comprise instructions for using said energy or power consumption signal together with the received output signals in determining the level of tinting for said tintable window.
28. The controller of claim 21 , wherein the scheduling information comprises time of year and/or time of day information.
29. The controller of claim 21 , wherein the scheduling information comprises information about the geographical facing direction of the tintable window and a latitude and a longitude of the facility.
30. A controller for a tintable window for a facility having at least one tintable window between an interior and exterior of the facility, the controller comprising:
(a) a processor or control circuit;
(b) at least one input for receiving output signals from two or more sensors selected from the group consisting of an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor;
(c) instructions for causing the processor or control circuit to determine a level of tint for said tintable window by using a relationship between the received two or more output signals and the level of tint, wherein the relationship (i) is an expression in which the level of tint is the dependent variable and the output signals are independent variables, and (ii) is based in part on scheduling information for the facility, the instructions including instructions for multiplying each of the two or more output signals by a respective weighting value, and the determining further including determining a sum of the products of the multiplications; and
(d) at least one output for controlling, directly or indirectly, the level of tint of the tintable window based on the determined level of tint.
31. The controller of claim 30 , wherein at least one of the weighting values is based on the scheduling information.