A battery includes an electrolyte disposed on a substantially planar substrate. The electrolyte has a first surface extending from the substrate and in contact with a cathode. The electrolyte has a second surface extending from the substrate and in contact with an anode. The second surface is opposite the first surface. The anode and the cathode are non-overlapping. The battery additionally includes a biocompatible protective layer that covers the electrolyte and at least portions of the anode and cathode. The battery can be disposed in an eye-mountable device or other device to power electronics in the device. The battery can be configured to be rechargeable.
1. A battery, comprising:
a substrate, wherein the substrate is substantially planar;
an electrolyte disposed on the substrate, wherein the electrolyte has a first surface extending from the substrate and a second surface extending from the substrate and opposite the first surface;
a cathode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the first surface of the electrolyte;
an anode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the second surface of the electrolyte, wherein the anode and cathode are non-overlapping; and
a biocompatible protective layer, wherein the biocompatible protective layer covers the electrolyte and at least portions of the cathode and anode, wherein the battery has an overall thickness defined by respective thicknesses of the substrate, the biocompatible protective layer, and a thickest portion of the electrolyte, cathode, and anode between the substrate and the biocompatible protective layer, wherein the overall thickness is less than about 50 microns.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible protective layer comprises parylene.
3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon.
4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a gel polymer.
5. The battery of claim 4 , wherein the gel polymer comprises polyacrylonitrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate.
6. The battery of claim 5 , wherein the first and second surfaces of the electrolyte are less than about 100 microns apart.
7. The battery of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second electrolyte disposed on the substrate, wherein the second electrolyte has a first surface extending from the substrate and a second surface extending from the substrate and opposite the first surface;
a second cathode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the first surface of the second electrolyte; and
a second anode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the second surface of the second electrolyte, wherein the second anode and second cathode are non-overlapping;
wherein the biocompatible protective layer additionally covers the second electrolyte and at least portions of the second cathode and second anode.
8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is configured as a closed loop.
9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has a spiral shape.
10. A body-mountable device comprising:
a shaped polymeric material; and
a battery embedded within the shaped polymeric material, wherein the battery comprises:
a substrate, wherein the substrate is substantially planar;
an electrolyte disposed on the substrate, wherein the electrolyte has a first surface extending from the substrate and a second surface extending from the substrate and opposite the first surface;
a cathode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the first surface of the electrolyte;
an anode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the second surface of the electrolyte, wherein the anode and cathode are non-overlapping; and
a biocompatible protective layer, wherein the biocompatible protective layer covers the electrolyte and at least portions of the cathode and anode, wherein the battery has an overall thickness defined by respective thicknesses of the substrate, the biocompatible protective layer, and a thickest portion of the electrolyte, cathode, and anode between the substrate and the biocompatible protective layer, wherein the overall thickness is less than about 50 microns.
11. The body-mountable device according to claim 10 , further comprising electronics embedded in the shaped polymeric material, wherein the electronics are configured to be powered by the battery.
12. The body-mountable device according to claim 10 , wherein the shaped polymeric material has a concave surface and a convex surface, wherein the concave surface is configured to be removably mounted over a corneal surface and the convex surface is configured to be compatible with eyelid motion when the concave surface is so mounted.
13. The body-mountable device of claim 10 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a gel polymer.
14. The body-mountable device of claim 13 , wherein the gel polymer comprises polyacrylonitrile, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and zinc trifluoromethane sulfonate.
15. The body-mountable device of claim 10 , wherein the biocompatible protective layer comprises parylene.
16. The body-mountable device of claim 10 , wherein the battery further comprises:
a second electrolyte disposed on the substrate, wherein the second electrolyte has a first surface extending from the substrate and a second surface extending from the substrate and opposite the first surface;
a second cathode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the first surface of the second electrolyte; and
a second anode disposed on the substrate and in contact with the second surface of the second electrolyte, wherein the second anode and second cathode are non-overlapping;
wherein the biocompatible protective layer additionally covers the second electrolyte and at least portions of the second cathode and second anode.
17. A method comprising:
forming a substrate, wherein the substrate is substantially planar;
forming an electrolyte on the substrate, such that the electrolyte has a first surface extending from the substrate and a second surface extending from the substrate and opposite the first surface;
forming a cathode on the substrate, such that the cathode is in contact with the first surface of the electrolyte;
forming an anode on the substrate, such that the anode is in contact with the second surface of the electrolyte, and the anode and cathode are non-overlapping; and
forming a biocompatible protective layer, such that the biocompatible protective layer covers the electrolyte and at least portions of the cathode and anode, wherein an overall thickness, defined by respective thicknesses of the substrate, the biocompatible protective layer, and a thickest portion of the electrolyte, cathode, and anode between the substrate and the biocompatible protective layer, is less than about 50 microns.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising at least partially embedding the substrate and components disposed thereon in a shaped polymeric material, wherein the shaped polymeric material has a concave surface and a convex surface, wherein the concave surface is configured to be removably mounted over a corneal surface of an eye and the convex surface is configured to be compatible with eyelid motion when the concave surface is so mounted.