Foamable Benzoyl Peroxide Compositions for Topical Administration
Described herein are benzoyl peroxide compositions useful in the treatment of acne and other skin conditions, which exhibit enhanced stability, even under accelerated conditions. The compositions also exhibit reduced color formation, reduced irritation, and enhanced moisturizing properties. They can be formulated into a topical aerosol foam with inert, non-flammable propellants, such as hydrofluoroalkanes, and may be used in cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. Additionally, methods of formulating these compositions are described.
1 . A method, comprising the steps of
combining water, glycerol, propylene glycol, methylparaben, propyl paraben, citric acid, sodium citrate, and disodium EDTA in a first container, thereby making an aqueous mixture;
heating the aqueous mixture until the aqueous mixture reaches about 70° C. to about 75° C., thereby forming an aqueous solution;
combining cetostearyl alcohol, emulsifying wax, steareth-10, dimethicone, C 12 -C 15 alkyl benzoates, and butylated hydroxytoluene in a second container, thereby forming a nonaqueous mixture;
heating the nonaqueous mixture until the nonaqueous mixture reaches about 70° C. to about 75° C., thereby forming a nonaqueous solution;
combining the aqueous solution and the nonaqueous solution, thereby forming a first mixture;
cooling the first mixture until the first mixture reaches from about 40° C. to about 45° C., thereby forming a second mixture;
cooling the second mixture until the second mixture reaches about 30° C., thereby forming a third mixture;
adding benzoyl peroxide to the third mixture, thereby forming a fourth mixture;
stirring the fourth mixture;
optionally homogenizing the fourth mixture;
placing the fourth mixture in an aerosol container; and
adding a propellant to the aerosol container, wherein the propellant is a hydrofluoroalkane, thereby forming an aerosol composition.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of purging the aerosol container with an inert gas, wherein the inert gas is argon or nitrogen.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fourth mixture is an oil-in-water emulsion.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, or a mixture thereof
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of benzoyl peroxide-to-butylated hydroxytoluene in the fourth mixture is greater than about 5:1.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aerosol composition is substantially colorless after storage for 6 months at 30° C.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aerosol container comprises a headspace; and the headspace of the aerosol container is substantially free of oxygen.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the headspace of the aerosol container consists essentially of argon.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of expelling from the aerosol container the aerosol composition, thereby forming a foam.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fourth mixture consists essentially of
about 5.3% benzoyl peroxide by weight;
about 76.73% water by weight;
about 0.05% butylated hydroxytoluene by weight;
about 0.3% methylparaben by weight;
about 0.1% propylparaben by weight;
about 0.1% disodium EDTA by weight;
about 0.62% sodium citrate by weight;
about 0.05% citric acid by weight;
about 0.9% dimethicone by weight;
about 0.45% C 12 -C 15 alkyl benzoates by weight;
about 7.5% glycerol by weight;
about 2.5% propylene glycol by weight;
about 2.25% cetostearyl alcohol by weight;
about 2.25% emulsifying wax by weight; and
about 0.9% steareth-10 by weight.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
13 . A method of treating acne, comprising the step of
(i) providing, in a pressurized aerosol container, an aerosol composition, thereby forming a headspace of the aerosol container;
(ii) expelling from the pressurized aerosol container the aerosol composition, thereby forming a foam; and
(iii) administering topically to an area of skin of a human in need thereof an effective amount of the foam,
wherein
the aerosol composition consists essentially of an oil-in-water emulsion and a propellant;
the oil-in-water emulsion consists essentially of
about 5.3% benzoyl peroxide by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 76.73% water by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.05% butylated hydroxytoluene by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.3% methylparaben by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.1% propylparaben by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.1% disodium EDTA by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.62% sodium citrate by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.05% citric acid by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.9% dimethicone by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.45% C 12 -C 15 alkyl benzoates by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 7.5% glycerol by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 2.5% propylene glycol by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 2.25% cetostearyl alcohol by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 2.25% emulsifying wax by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion; and
about 0.9% steareth-10 by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion; and
the propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane;
the aerosol composition is substantially colorless after storage for 6 months at 30° C.;
the headspace of the aerosol container is substantially free of oxygen; and
the foam, upon administration topically to the area of skin of the human in need thereof, does not increase erythema.
14 . A method of treating acne, comprising the step of
(i) providing, in a pressurized aerosol container, an aerosol composition, thereby forming a headspace of the aerosol container;
(ii) expelling from the pressurized aerosol container the aerosol composition, thereby forming a foam; and
(iii) administering topically to an area of skin of a human in need thereof an effective amount of the foam,
wherein
the aerosol composition consists essentially of an oil-in-water emulsion and a propellant;
the oil-in-water emulsion consists essentially of
about 5.3% benzoyl peroxide by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 76.73% water by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.05% butylated hydroxytoluene by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.3% methylparaben by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.1% propylparaben by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.1% disodium EDTA by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.62% sodium citrate by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.05% citric acid by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.9% dimethicone by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 0.45% C 12 -C 15 alkyl benzoates by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 7.5% glycerol by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 2.5% propylene glycol by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 2.25% cetostearyl alcohol by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion;
about 2.25% emulsifying wax by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion; and
about 0.9% steareth-10 by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion; and
the propellant is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane;
the aerosol composition is substantially colorless after storage for 6 months at 30° C.;
the headspace of the aerosol container is substantially free of oxygen; and
the foam, upon administration topically to the area of skin of the human in need thereof, increases skin hydration for no less than 8 hours.