Fuel cell having a modular base active area

1. A fuel cell stack comprising:

a plurality of fuel cells arranged in a stack configuration extending along a z-axis, wherein each fuel cell comprises a membrane electrode assembly interposed between a pair of bipolar plates, and each membrane electrode assembly has a total active area extending in an x-y plane that is generally perpendicular to the z-axis;

each bipolar plate comprises a plurality of common passages extending generally parallel to the z-axis; and

wherein the total active area of each membrane electrode assembly is comprised of a plurality of base active areas arranged co-planar in the x-y plane along an x-axis;

wherein the plurality of common passages comprise:

at least one first feed passage and at least one second feed passage per base active area;

at least one first discharge passage and at least one second discharge passage per base active area;

at least one first coolant passage and at least one second coolant passage.

2. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , wherein a height measured along a y-axis of the total active area is equal to a height measured along the y-axis of the plurality of base active areas; and

a length measured along the x-axis of the total active area is equal to a multiple of a length measured along the x-axis of the plurality of base active areas.

3. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , further comprising tie rod passages wherein the number of tie rod passages is a multiple of a total number of plurality of base active areas forming the total active area.

4. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , wherein the feed passages and discharge passages are distributed along an upper and a lower border region extending along the x-axis of each bipolar plate, and the coolant passages are distributed along a left and a right border region extending along the y-axis of each bipolar plate.

5. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , wherein the feed passages are sized to supply sufficient quantities of gaseous reactant and discharge passages are sized to discharge sufficient quantities of reactant products to and from at least one of the base active area of the membrane electrode assembly to allow for efficient fuel cell performance.

6. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , wherein each bipolar plate further comprises:

two side sections and at least one inner section;

wherein each of the side sections and the at least one inner section delimits a portion of the total active area substantially equal to one of the plurality of base active areas; and

wherein each of the sides sections and the inner section includes a separate first feed passage, second feed passage, first discharge passage, and second discharge passage.

7. The fuel cell stack of claim 6 , wherein each side section is a mirror reflection of the other side section and comprises at least one feed passage, at least one discharge passage, and at least one tie rod passage.

8. The fuel cell stack of claim 7 , wherein each inner section comprises at least one feed passage, at least one discharge passage, and a portion of a tie rod passage.

9. The fuel cell stack of claim 8 , wherein the portion of a tie rod passage is aligned with another portion of a tie rod passage that is part of an adjacent section to form a complete tie rod passage.

10. The fuel cell stack of claim 6 , wherein the total number of the side sections and the at least one inner sections that form each of the bipolar plates is equal to the number of base active areas combined to form the total active area.

11. The fuel cell stack of claim 6 , wherein the side sections and at least one inner section are configured for co-planar attachment parallel to the x-y plane and extending along the x-axis.

12. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , further comprising at least one end plate positioned at an end of the fuel cell stack, wherein the at least one end plate is configured to distribute gaseous reactant flows to the corresponding common passages and consolidate reactant product flows from the corresponding common passages.

13. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell stack is configured to be compressed by an external compression system.

14. The fuel cell stack of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of base active areas arranged co-planar in the x-y plane along an x-axis for a continuous total active area.