Apparatus and methods of running casing in a dual gradient system
A method of running casing in a dual gradient system includes lowering a casing into a low density fluid region and allowing the low density fluid to enter the casing; releasing a plug into the casing; supplying a high density fluid behind the plug; and lowering the casing into a high density fluid region until target depth is reached.
1. A method of running casing in a dual gradient system, comprising:
lowering a casing into a low density fluid region such that low density fluid enters the casing, the casing being lowered until a bottom end of the casing is proximate an interface between the low density fluid region and a high density fluid region;
releasing a plug into the casing while the bottom end is proximate the interface;
supplying a high density fluid behind the plug; and
subsequently lowering the casing until a target depth is reached, the target depth being located in the high density fluid region.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating a pump to maintain the interface.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pumping the high density fluid out of the casing until a hydrostatic head equilibrium is substantially reached, the hydrostatic head equilibrium being a condition in which a hydrostatic head of the high density fluid is substantially the same as a hydrostatic head of the low density fluid.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein lowering the casing into the high density fluid region is performed after the hydrostatic head equilibrium is substantially reached.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising urging the high density fluid out of the casing until a hydrostatic head of the high density fluid is substantially the same as a hydrostatic head of the low density fluid.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating a pump to maintain the interface between the low and high density fluid regions while lowering the casing into the high density fluid region.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising urging the low density fluid out of the casing.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
retaining the plug in the casing using at least one of one or more grooves in a pup joint, a removable retainer, a drillable retainer, and combinations thereof; and
releasing the plug using an applied pressure or force.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plug comprises:
a housing;
a plurality of fins disposed on an exterior of the housing;
a bore extending through the housing;
a catcher attached to the bore; and
a piston releasably attached to the catcher, wherein the piston forms a seal with the catcher to selectively block fluid flow through the bore.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
attaching a conveyance string to the casing; and
lowering the conveyance string before releasing the plug.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising positioning one or more subsurface release plugs above the plug.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising positioning the plug in a pup joint connected to the casing.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
retaining the plug in the pup joint using at least one of one or more grooves in the pup joint, a removable retainer, a drillable retainer, and combinations thereof; and
releasing the plug using an applied pressure or force.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plug comprises:
a housing;
a plurality of fins disposed on an exterior of the housing;
a bore extending through the housing; and
a rupture disc for blocking fluid flow through the bore.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bottom end of the casing is located above the interface of the dual gradient system when the bottom end of the casing is proximate the interface.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bottom end of the casing is located below the interface of the dual gradient system when the bottom end of the casing is proximate the interface.
17. A method of running casing in a dual gradient system, comprising:
lowering a casing into a low density fluid region such that low density fluid enters the casing;
positioning a bottom end of the casing proximate an interface of the dual gradient system located between the low density fluid region and a high density fluid region, the bottom end of the casing being located above the interface of the dual gradient system, the interface being external of the casing;
supplying a high density fluid into the casing behind the low density fluid, the high density fluid displacing the low density fluid out of a bottom end of the casing while the bottom end of the casing is proximate the interface; and
subsequently lowering the casing to a target depth within the high density fluid region.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising pumping the high density fluid out of the casing until a hydrostatic head equilibrium is substantially reached, the hydrostatic head equilibrium being a condition in which a hydrostatic head of the high density fluid is substantially the same as a hydrostatic head of the low density fluid.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein lowering the casing to the target depth is performed after the hydrostatic head equilibrium is substantially reached.
20. The method of claim 17 , further comprising urging the high density fluid out of the casing until a hydrostatic head of the high density fluid is substantially the same as a hydrostatic head of the low density fluid.
21. The method of claim 17 , further comprising operating a pump to maintain the interface of the dual gradient system while lowering the casing to the target depth.
22. A method of running casing, the method comprising:
lowering a casing into a subsea riser, the subsea riser being fluidly connected with a wellbore and having a dual gradient system, the dual gradient system including a low density fluid and a high density fluid, the low density fluid being located above the high density fluid, an interface existing within the dual gradient system between the low and high density fluids;
positioning a bottom end of the casing proximate the interface;
urging a plug downwardly into the casing with a push fluid while the bottom end of the casing is proximate the interface, the plug urging low density fluid within the casing out of the bottom end of the casing as the plug is pumped downwardly, the push fluid being more dense than the low density fluid of the dual gradient system; and
lowering the casing further until a target depth below the interface is reached.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising operating a pump to maintain the interface of the dual gradient system while lowering the casing towards the target depth.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein a density of the push fluid is substantially similar to a density of the high density fluid.