Lithium sulfur battery having cathode with nucleation agents
A cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery cell includes positive active material comprising sulfur and carbon coated onto an electrode substrate and gold nanoparticles affixed to the positive active material and configured to direct growth and deposition of lithium sulfide. A lithium ion battery cell, battery stack and method of making the cathodes are also provided.
1. A cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery cell comprising:
a composite electrode material comprising elemental sulfur mixed with carbon coated onto an electrode substrate, with a nucleation agent of gold nanoparticles affixed uniformly across a surface of the composite electrode material,
wherein the gold nanoparticles are available to bond with the elemental sulfur and lithium sulfide during use, the gold nanoparticles directing growth, morphology and deposition of lithium sulfide during charge and discharge of the lithium-sulfur battery, the gold nanoparticles having a diameter in a range of greater than twenty nanometers and less than one hundred nanometers, and the gold nanoparticles being less than four weight percent of the positive active material.
2. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the gold nanoparticles have a diameter in the range of greater than twenty nanometers and equal to or less than fifty nanometers.
3. A lithium-sulfur battery comprising the cathode of claim 1 and a lithium-containing anode.
4. A method of preparing a cathode for a lithium-sulfur battery cell comprising:
mixing dry components together, the dry components comprising elemental sulfur and a conductive material;
forming a slurry by adding a binder to the mixed dry components and further mixing to obtain a predetermined viscosity;
applying the slurry to a substrate;
uniformly affixing particles of gold as a nucleation agent along a surface of the slurry and drying; and
pressing to obtain a composite electrode material of a predetermined thickness porosity, wherein gold nanoparticles exist on the composite electrode material to bond with the elemental sulfur and lithium sulfide during use, wherein the gold nanoparticles direct growth, morphology and deposition of lithium sulfide during charge and discharge of the lithium-sulfur battery, the gold nanoparticles having a diameter in a range of greater than twenty nanometers and less than one hundred nanometers, and the gold being less than four weight percent of the slurry.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the gold has a diameter in the range of between greater than twenty nanometers and equal to or less than fifty nanometers.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the conductive material is carbon.