Controlled-release melatonin compositions and related methods
A melatonin-containing product includes a composition comprising melatonin, a pH lowering agent, and a gel-forming forming polymer. When ingested, the composition forms an acidic aqueous gel matrix having melatonin dissolved therein for releasing melatonin into the intestines for a sustained time period.
1. A controlled-release melatonin-containing product comprising:
a composition comprising melatonin, a pH lowering agent, and a gel-forming forming polymer that, when said composition is ingested, forms an aqueous gel matrix having melatonin dissolved therein and an internal pH of less than 4.4 in said aqueous gel matrix, wherein
said composition provides a first release dose of melatonin for assisting in inducement of sleep and a subsequent sustained release dose of melatonin for assisting in sustaining sleep; and
said composition is effective to release approximately 50% of said melatonin in said composition into the gastrointestinal tract within approximately two hours after oral ingestion.
2. The product of claim 1 , wherein said composition is in tablet dosage form, multiparticulate-containing dosage form, or a combination thereof.
3. The product of claim 1 , wherein said composition is effective to release substantially all of the remaining melatonin in said composition into the gastrointestinal tract over approximately three to approximately ten hours after oral ingestion.
4. The product of claim 1 , wherein said composition is effective to release substantially all of the remaining melatonin in said composition into the lower gastrointestinal tract over approximately three to approximately ten hours after oral ingestion.
5. The product of claim 1 , wherein said pH lowering agent is an acid, acidic buffer, or a combination thereof.
6. The product of claim 1 , wherein said internal pH is 2 to 4 in said aqueous gel matrix.
7. The product of claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one other active ingredient in addition to said melatonin.
8. A controlled-release melatonin product comprising a compressed tablet comprising melatonin, citric acid, and a cellulosic polymer that combine after ingestion to form an acidic hydrogel that dissolves said melatonin and is effective to provide a first release dose of melatonin for assisting in inducement of sleep and a subsequent sustained release dose of melatonin for assisting in sustaining sleep while in a human subject's gastrointestinal tract, wherein said tablet is effective to release approximately 50% of said melatonin in said tablet into the gastrointestinal tract within approximately two hours after oral ingestion, wherein the amount of said citric acid is sufficient to impart a pH of less than 4.4 to said hydrogel.
9. The product of claim 8 , wherein said tablet is effective to release substantially all of the remaining melatonin in said tablet into said human subject's gastrointestinal tract over approximately three to approximately ten hours after oral ingestion.
10. The product of claim 8 , wherein said tablet is effective to release substantially all of the remaining melatonin in said tablet into said human subject's lower gastrointestinal tract over approximately three to approximately ten hours after oral ingestion.
11. The product of claim 8 , wherein the amount of said citric acid is sufficient to impart a pH of 2-4to said hydrogel.
12. The product of claim 8 , wherein said tablet further comprises at least one other active ingredient in addition to said melatonin.
13. A sleep-aid product comprising:
a sleep-aid effective amount of a composition comprising melatonin, a gel-forming polymer, and a sufficient amount of at least one acidic moiety to impart a pH of 2-4 to said gel-forming polymer after oral ingestion by a human subject;
said gel-forming polymer and acidic moiety being effective to form a gel matrix having said pH when said composition is in said human subject's intestines for solubilizing said melatonin within said gel matrix;
said gel-forming polymer and acidic moiety also being effective to provide sustained release of melatonin from said gel matrix for at least six hours after oral ingestion.
14. The product of claim 13 , wherein said composition is effective to release approximately 50% of said melatonin in said composition into said human subject's gastrointestinal tract within approximately two hours after oral ingestion.
15. The product of claim 13 , wherein said composition further comprises at least one other active ingredient in addition to said melatonin.
16. The product of claim 13 , wherein said sleep-aid effective amount includes 5 micrograms to 10 milligrams of said melatonin.
17. The product of claim 13 , wherein said composition is in tablet dosage form, multiparticulate-containing dosage form, or a combination thereof.
18. The product of claim 14 , wherein said composition is effective to release substantially all of the remaining melatonin in said composition into said human subject's gastrointestinal tract within approximately ten hours after oral ingestion.
19. The product of claim 14 , wherein said composition is effective to release substantially all of the remaining melatonin in said composition into said human subject's lower gastrointestinal tract within approximately ten hours after oral ingestion.
20. The product of claim 13 , wherein an amount of said acidic moiety is sufficient to maintain said pH for at least 7 hours.
21. The product of claim 13 , wherein said acidic moiety is an acid, acidic buffer, or a combination thereof.
22. The product of claim 13 , where said acidic moiety is an organic acid.