METHOD OF MAKING 1-(ACYLOXY)-ALKYL CARBAMATE COMPOUNDS

1 . A method of making a compound of formula (I), or a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof, or a salt of any one of foregoing, comprising:

(A) reacting a compound of formula (II), or a stereoisomer or a salt thereof, with R 1 CO 2 H to form a compound of formula (III);

and

(B) reacting the compound of formula (III), or a stereoisomer or a salt thereof, with HNR 4a R 4b to form the compound of formula (I):

wherein:

each of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1-4 alkyl;

R 3 is H or C 1-4 alkyl;

HNR 4a R 4b is a drug molecule having an amino moiety;

R 4a and R 4a are groups of the drug molecule attached to the amino moiety;

each of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e is independently selected from H, halo, C 1-4 alkyl, halo C 1-4 alkyl, phenyl, —C(O)O—C 1-4 alkyl, —C(O)—C 1-4 alkyl, —S(O)—C 1-4 alkyl, CN, —C(O)—NR 6a R 6b , substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy; provided that at least one of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e is other than H; or any two adjacent R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e are joined together to form a carbocycle or heterocycle;

each R 6a and R 6b is independently H, or C 1-4 alkyl; or R 6a and R 6b together with N they are attached to form heterocycle; and

X is a leaving group.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein X is halo.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein X is Cl.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (A) occurs in a solvent.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of heptane, xylene, toluene, N-methylpyrrolidine, N,N-diisopropylamine, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, diphenyl ether, and combinations thereof.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (A) occurs at a temperature from about 50° C. to about 120° C.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (A) occurs in the presence of a metal oxide.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction step (A) occurs in the presence of a metal alkanoate or a metal salt of R 1 CO 2 H.

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (A) occurs in the presence of R 1 C(O)—O—C(O)R 1 .

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (A) occurs in the presence of a tetraalkylammonium salt.

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (A) occurs in the presence of an organic base.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (B) occurs in a solvent selected from the group consisting of heptane, xylene, toluene, dialkyl ether, cyclic ethers, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, water, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and combinations thereof.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (B) occurs at a temperature from about 0° C. to about 50° C.

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reaction step (B) occurs in the presence of a base.

15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is i-Pr; R 2 is Me or i-Pr; and R 3 is H.

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e is independently halo, C 1-4 alkyl, —C(O)O—C 1-4 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, and the rest are H.

17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug molecule HNR 4a R 4b is selected from: acebutalol, albuterol, alprenolol, atenolol, bunolol, bupropion, butopamine, butoxamine, carbuterol, cartelolol, colterol, deterenol, dexpropanolol, diacetolol, dobutamine, exaprolol, exprenolol, fenoterol, fenyripol, labotolol, levobunolol, metolol, metaproterenol, metoprolol, nadolol, pamatolol, penbutalol, pindolol, pirbuterol, practolol, prenalterol, primidolol, prizidilol, procaterol, propanolol, quinterenol, rimiterol, ritodrine, solotol, soterenol, sulfiniolol, sulfinterol, sulictidil, tazaolol, terbutaline, timolol, tiprenolol, tipridil, tolamolol, thiabendazole, albendazole, albutoin, alendronate, alinidine, alizapride, amiloride, a minorex, aprinocid, cambendazole, cimetidine, cisapride, clonidine, cyclobenzadole, delavirdine, efegatrin, etintidine, fenbendazole, fenmetazole, flubendazole, fludorex, gabapentin, icadronate, lobendazole, mebendazole, metazoline, metoclopramide, methylphenidate, mexiletine, neridronate, nocodazole, oxfendazole, oxibendazole, oxmetidine, pamidronate, parbendazole, pramipexole, prazosin, pregabalin, procainamide, ranitidine, tetrahydrazoline, tiamenidine, tinazoline, tiotidine, tocamide, tolazoline, tramazoline, xylometazoline, dimethoxyphenethylamine, n-[3(R)-[2-piperidin-4-yl)ethyl]-2-piperidone-1-yl]acetyl-3(R)-methyl-β-alanine, adrenolone, aletamine, amidephrine, amphetamine, aspartame, bamethan, betahistine, carbidopa, clorprenaline, chlortermine, dopamine, L-dopa, ephrinephrine, etryptamine, fenfluramine, methyldopamine, norepinephrine, enviroxime, nifedipine, nimodipine, triamterene, pipedemic acid and similar compounds, 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1,8-napthyridine-3-carboxylic acid and 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, theprubicin, deoxyspergualin, seglitide, nebracetam, benanomicin B, eremomycin, thrazarine, tosufloxacin, baogongteng A, angiopeptin, boholmycin, ravidomycin, tageflar, orienticins, amphotericin B, tiamdipine, doxorubicin, lysobactin, mofegiline, octreotide, oxolide, amikacin, phospholine, nuvanil, cispentacin, chlorotetain, remacemide, ramoplanins, janthinomycins, mersacidin, droxidopa, helvecardin A, helvecardin B, rilmazafone, vigabatrin, amlodipine, (R)-(+)-amlodipine, mideplanin, milnacipran, pranedipine, olradipine, deoxymethylspergualin, fudosteine, trovafloxacin, ceranapril, restricticin, idarubicin, arbekacin, giracodazole, poststatin, pazufloxacin, D-cycloserine, ovothiol A, ceftizoxime, icatibant, p-iodorubidazone, aladapcin, dalargin, seproxetine, pradimicin E, pradimicin FA-2, tafenoquine, sampatrilat, ruboxyl, dactimicin, alatrofloxacin, galarubicin, metaraminol, exatecan, squalamine, paromomycin, leustroducsin A, leustroducsin B, leustroducsin C, lanicemine, azoxybacilin, tetrafibricin, pixantrone, ziconotide, garomefrine, spinorphin, doripenem, alestramustine, seraspenide, safingol, aminolevulinic acid, pelagiomicin C, styloguanidine, L-4-oxalysine, eglumegad, rhodopeptins, mycestericin E, midaxifylline, anisperimus, lagatide, ibutamoren, oritavancin, ecenofloxacin, metyrosine, methyldopa, baclofen, tranylcypromine, micronomicin, zorubicin, epirubicin, gilatide, epithalon, cystamine, pluraflavin A, pluraflavin B, pasireotide, caprazamycin, barusiban, spisulosine, 21-aminoepothilone B, capsavanil, olcegepant, sulphostin, lobophorin A, papuamide A, papuamide B, cystocin, deoxynegamycin, galnon, pyloricidin B, brasilicardin A, neramexane, kaitocephalin, icofungipen, aliskiren, capromorelin, histaprodifen, donitriptan, cambrescidins, tipifarnib, tabimorelin, belactosin A, belactosin C, circinamide, targinine, sulphazocine, nepicastat, oseltamivir, hydrostatin A, butabindide, netamiftide, memantine, fluvoxamine, deferoxamine, tranexamic acid, fortimicin A, cefaclor, lisinopril, ubestatin, cefminox, aspoxicillin, cefcanel, cefcanel daloxate, olamufloxacin, R-(+)-aminoindane, gemifloxacin, kahalalide F, palau'amine, examorelin, leustroducsin H, sabarubicin, amifostine, L-homothiocitrulline, L-thiocitrulline, impentamine, neboglamine, amselamine, cetefloxacin, cyclothialidine, fluvirucin B2, loracarbef, cefprozil, sperabillins, milacamide, avizafone, α-methyltryptophan, cytaramycin, lanomycin, decaplanin, eflornithine, L-histidinol, tuftsin, kanamycin, amthamine, sitafloxacin, leurubicin, amantadine, isodoxorubicin, gludopa, bactobolin, esafloxacin, tabilautide, lazabemide, enalkiren, amrubicin, daunorubicin, mureidomycins, pyridazomycin, cimaterol, (+)-isamoltan, N-desmethylmilameline, noberastine, fosopamine, adaprolol, pradimicin B, amosulalol, xamoterol, boholmycin, risotilide, indeloxazine, denopamine, parodilol, utibapril, nardeterol, biemnidin, sparfloxacin, sibanomicin, tianeptine, oberadilol, methoctramine, sezolamide, anabasine, zilpaterol, zabiciprilat, enkastins, ulifloxacin, (+)-sotalol, deoxynojirimycin, altromycin A, altromycin C, dorzolamide, fepradinol, delapril, ciprofloxacin, balofloxacin, mepindolol, berlafenone, ramipril, dopexamine, dilevalol, (−)-nebivolol, duramycin, enalapril, meluadrine, zelandopam, voglibose, sertraline, carvedilol, pafenolol, paroxetine, fluoxetine, phendioxan, salmeterol, solpecainol, repinotan, bambuterol, safinamide, tilisolol, 7-oxostaurosporine, caldaret, sertraline, cilazapril, benazepril, prisotinol, gatifloxacin, ovothiol B, adaprolol, tienoxolol, fluparoxan, alprenoxime, efegatran, pradimicin, salbostatin, ersentilide, (S)-noremopamil, esperamicin A1, batoprazine, ersentilide, osutidine, quinapril, dihydrexidine, argiopine, pradimicin D, frovatriptan, hispidospermidin, silodosin, michellamine B, sibenadet, tetrindol, talibegron, topixantrone, nortopixantrone, tecalcet, buteranol, α-methylepinephrine, nornicotine, thiofedrine, lenapenem, imidapril, epibatidine, premafloxacin, socorromycin, trandolapril, tamsulosin, dirithromycin, inogatran, vicenistatin, immepyr, immepip, balanol, orbifloxacin, maropitant, dabelotine, lerisetron, ertapenem, nolomirole, moxifloxacin, vofopitant, halofuginone, melagatran, ximelagatran, fasudil, isofagomine, pseudoephedrine, propafenone, celiprolol, carteolol, penbutolol, labetalol, acebutolol, reproterol, rimoterol, amoxapine, maprotiline, viloxazine, protriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, oxprenolol, propranolol, ketamine, butofilolol, flecamide, tulobuterol, befunolol, immucillin-H, vestipitant, cinacalcet, lapatinib, desloratadine, ladostigil, vildagliptin, tulathromycin B, becampanel, salbutamol, delucemine, solabegron, paroxetine, gaboxadol, telavancin, ralfinamide, tomoxetine, dalbavancin, elarofiban, ferulinolol, fenoldopam, sumanirole, sarizotan, brinzolamide, pradofloxacin, garenoxacin, reboxetine, ezlopitant, palindore, nebivolol, dinapsoline, proxodolol, repinotan, demexiptiline, mitoxantrone, norfloxacin, dilevalol, nipradilol, esmolol, ibopamine, troxipide, arotinolol, formoterol, bopindolol, cloranolol, mefloquine, perindopril, mabuterol, bisoprolol, bevantolol, betaxolol, tertatolol, enoxacin, lotrafiban, moexipril, droxinavir, adrogolide, alniditan, tigecycline, lubazodone, meropenem, temocapril, napsamycins, (−)-cicloprolol, ecteinascidins, alprafenone, landiolol, tirofiban, noberastine, rasagiline, setazindol, picumeterol, arbutamine, mecamylamine, delfaprazine, imidapril, midafotel, manzamines, binospirone, duloxetine, and litoxetine.

18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4a is H; and R 4b is selected from

19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein R 7 is Cl or F.

20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is a compound according to formula (IVa), (IVb), (IVc), (IVd), or (IVe):

or a salt thereof.

21 . A compound according to formula (III):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any one of foregoing;

wherein

each of R 1 and R 2 is independently C 1-4 alkyl; R 3 is H or C 1-4 alkyl;

each of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , or R 5e is independently selected from a group consisting of H, halo, C 1-4 alkyl, halo C 1-4 alkyl, phenyl, —C(O)O—C 1-4 alkyl, —C(O)—C 1-4 alkyl, —S(O)—C 1-4 alkyl, CN, —C(O)—NR 6a R 6b , substituted or unsubstituted C 1-4 alkoxy, and substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy; and

each of R 6a and R 6b is independently H, or C 1-4 alkyl; or R 6a and R 6b together with N they are attached to form heterocycle;

provided that at least one of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e is other than H; or any two of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e form O—CH 2 —O—, or O—CH 2 —CH 2 —O—.

22 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein R 1 is i-Pr; R 2 is methyl or i-Pr; and R 3 is H.

23 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein one or more of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e is halo, and the rest are H.

24 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein one of R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d , and R 5e is Me, Et, —C(O)OMe, —C(O)OEt, —OMe, —CF 3 , CN, —C(O)Me, —S(O)Me, —C(O)NH 2 , —C(O)NMe 2 , and the rest are H.

25 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (VIIa), (VIIb), (VIIc), (VIId), (VIIe), (VIIf), (VIIg), or (VIIh):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any one of foregoing.

26 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (VIIIc), (VIIId), (VIIIe), or (VIIIf):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any one of foregoing.

27 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (IXa), (IXb), (IXc), (IXd), (IXe), (IXf), (IXg), or (IXh):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any one of foregoing.

28 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (Xa), (Xb), (Xc), (Xd), (Xe), or (Xf):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any one of foregoing.

29 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (XIa), (XIb), (XIc), (XId), (XIe), (XIf), (XIg), or (XIh):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any of the foregoing.

30 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (XIIa), (XIIb), (XIIc), (XIId), (XIIe), or (XIIf):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt thereof.

31 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (XIIIa), (XIIIb), (XIIIc), (XIIId), (XIIIe), (XIIIf), (XIIIg), or (XIIIh)

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any of the foregoing.

32 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (XIVa), (XIVb), (XIVc), (XIVd), (XIVe), or (XIVf):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt of any of the foregoing.

33 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (XVa), (XVb), (XVc), (XVd), (XVe), or (XVf):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt thereof.

34 . The compound of claim 21 , wherein the compound is a compound according to formula (XVIa), (XVIb), (XVIc), (XVId), (XVIe), or (XVIf):

a stereoisomer thereof, a diastereomer thereof; or a salt thereof.