Continuous heart rate monitoring and interpretation
Disclosed herein is a device for continuous physiological monitoring as well as systems and methods for interpreting data from such a device. The device may support intelligent selection from among two or more different modes for heart rate detection. In addition, the acquisition of continuous physiological data facilitates automated recommendations concerning changes to sleep, recovery time, exercise routines and the like.
1. A device comprising:
a strap shaped and sized to fit about an appendage;
a sensor coupled to the strap, the sensor including an optical detector providing an optical signal indicative of reflected light from a skin of a wearer of the strap;
a heart rate monitoring system coupled to the strap and configured to provide two or more different modes for detecting a heart rate of the wearer of the strap based on the optical signal;
a memory; and
a processor coupled to the strap and configured to measure a confidence level in an accuracy of a heart rate of the wearer of the strap using a statistical analysis of the optical signal, the processor further configured to calculate an instantaneous heart rate for the wearer in a first mode using a time domain technique to process the optical signal when the confidence level is above a predetermined threshold and to calculate the instantaneous heart rate in a second mode using a frequency domain technique to process the optical signal when the confidence level is below the predetermined threshold.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the different modes include at least one mode using light emitted from a light source on the strap and detected by the optical detector.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein the different modes include one or more modes using variable optical characteristics of the light source including at least one of a brightness of the light source, a duty cycle of the light source, and a color of the light source.
4. The device of claim 1 further comprising an accessory removably and replaceably coupled to the device, the accessory including an power source configured to charge a battery of the device without a wired coupling to other power sources.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the different modes include at least one non-optical mode.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the confidence level is associated with an RR interval in the heart rate.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the time domain technique includes a peak detection algorithm that evaluates the instantaneous heart rate based on time domain peaks in the optical signal.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the predetermined threshold is an adaptive threshold.
9. The device of claim 8 wherein the adaptive threshold is determined based on previous confidence levels in the accuracy of the heart rate.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein the processor is further configured to operate the heart rate monitoring system to obtain continuous heart rate data using a selected one of the two or more different modes, and to store the continuous heart rate data in the memory.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein the processor is further configured to communicate the continuous heart rate data to a remote data repository.
12. A method comprising:
providing a strap shaped and sized to fit about an appendage, the strap including a sensor with an optical detector for capturing an optical signal indicative of reflected light from a skin of a wearer of the strap and a heart rate monitoring system configured to provide two or more different modes for detecting a heart rate of a wearer of the strap based on the optical signal;
detecting the optical signal from the sensor;
determining a confidence level in an accuracy of the heart rate of the wearer using a statistical analysis of the optical signal;
calculating an instantaneous heart rate for the wearer in a first mode using a time domain technique to process the optical signal when the confidence level is above a predetermined threshold and calculating the instantaneous heart rate in a second mode using a frequency domain technique to process the optical signal when the confidence level is below the predetermined threshold; and
storing continuous heart rate data for the wearer based on the instantaneous heart rate.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising communicating the continuous heart rate data from the strap to a remote data repository.
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising, detecting a change in the confidence level, responsively selecting a different one of the two or more different modes, and storing additional continuous heart rate data obtained using the different one of the two or more different modes.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the confidence level is associated with an RR interval in the heart rate.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the time domain technique includes a peak detection algorithm that evaluates the instantaneous heart rate based on time domain peaks in the optical signal.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the predetermined threshold is an adaptive threshold.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the adaptive threshold is determined based on previous confidence levels in the accuracy of the heart rate.
19. A computer program product for operating a wearable physical monitoring system including a sensor with an optical detector for capturing an optical signal indicative of reflected light from a skin of a wearer of the wearable physical monitoring system, wherein the computer program product comprises non-transitory computer executable code embodied in a computer readable medium that, when executing on the wearable physical monitoring system, performs the steps of:
detecting the optical signal from the optical detector of the sensor;
determining a confidence level in an accuracy of the heart rate of the wearer using a statistical analysis of the optical signal;
calculating an instantaneous heart rate for the wearer in a first mode using a time domain technique to process the optical signal when the confidence level is above a predetermined threshold and calculating the instantaneous heart rate in a second mode using a frequency domain technique to process the optical signal when the confidence level is below the predetermined threshold; and
storing continuous heart rate data using the one of the two or more different modes for detecting the heart rate.
20. The computer program product of claim 19 wherein the confidence level is associated with an RR interval in the heart rate.