X-ray analyzing system for x-ray scattering analysis

1. An SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering) system for x-ray scattering analysis of a sample, the SAXS system comprising:

an x-ray source for generating a beam of x-rays propagating along a transmission axis in a beam transmission direction;

a beam forming element disposed downstream of said x-ray source, said beam forming element structured and positioned to collect x-rays emitted from said x-ray source and to generate a beam of defined divergence and monochromatism;

a first hybrid slit disposed downstream of said beam forming element, said first hybrid slit having a first aperture; and

a second hybrid slit disposed downstream of and spaced apart from said first hybrid slit, said second hybrid slit having a second aperture, wherein at least one of said first and said second hybrid slits defines a shape of a cross section of said beam incident on the sample by means of at least three hybrid slit elements, each hybrid slit element comprising a single crystal substrate bonded to a base with a taper angle α≠0, wherein said single crystal substrates of said hybrid slit elements limit said first or second aperture, said hybrid slit elements being staggered with an offset along said transmission axis, wherein each hybrid slit element is adjustable in said beam transmission direction; and

an x-ray detector for detecting x-rays originating from the sample, wherein each of said at least three hybrid elements defining the shape of the cross section of said beam incident on the sample is disposed, structured and dimensioned to satisfy the following relationship: Δd=OS tan( 2 θ), with Δd being a difference between distances to said transmission axis of said beam of neighboring single crystal substrates, 2 θ a divergence half-angle of said beam and OS an offset distance between neighboring single crystal substrates in said beam transmission direction, said x-ray source, said beam forming element, said first hybrid slit, said second hybrid slit and said x-ray detector thereby being disposed, structured and dimensioned in order to increase signal to noise ratio in SAXS measurements on the sample.

2. The SAXS system of claim 1 , wherein said hybrid slit elements are arranged to form a polygon with n edges viewed in projection along said transmission axis, with n>4.

3. The SAXS system of claim 2 , wherein said hybrid slit elements are arranged to form a polygon with n edges viewed in projection along said transmission axis, with n≥8.

4. The SAXS system of claim 2 , wherein said shape of said cross section of said beam defined by said first or said second apertures is a regular polygon.

5. The SAXS system of claim 1 , wherein said hybrid slit elements are movable perpendicular to said transmission axis.

6. The SAXS system of claim 5 , wherein said hybrid slit elements are movable in a radial direction.

7. The SAXS system of claim 1 , wherein opposing hybrid slit elements form a pair and said hybrid slit elements are staggered pairwise.

8. The SAXS system of claim 1 , further comprising a beamstop which is positioned between said hybrid slit and said detector for blocking incident x-rays.

9. The SAXS system of claim 8 , wherein a radial position and a position along said transmission axis of said hybrid slit elements are chosen to optimize a flux of detected, scattered x-rays.

10. The SAXS system of claim 1 , wherein said x-ray source is a laboratory source.

11. The SAXS system of claim 1 , wherein said taper angle α is larger than a beam divergence 2θ.

12. The SAXS system of claim 11 , wherein said taper angle α>10°.