Decoy bits method for direct encryption and key generation
A new cryptographic technique is disclosed, called decoy bits method, which can be used to obtain near ideal information theoretic security in both quantum and classical key generation and data encryption, not only for raw security but also under known-plaintext attacks. The technique relates to a method of data encryption by insertion of random bits, called decoy bits, into a data sequence whereby the decoy bits are discarded upon decryption. The positions of the decoy bits are determined by a decoy position determining mechanism. This method can be used in conjunction with other standards of encryption to increase security.
1. A computer-implemented method for securing data, the method comprising:
receiving a sequence of data bits;
generating a sequence of decoy bits; and
producing an embedded data sequence by embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits based on a decoy position determining mechanism to produce an embedded data sequence;
modulating quantum signals by the embedded data sequence;
wherein the embedding comprises:
generating a pseudorandom number sequence based on an encryption key and an encryption mechanism; and
embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits based on the pseudorandom number sequence to produce the embedded data sequence;
wherein the sequence of data bits is an encrypted data sequence encrypted using a separate encryption key and a separate encryption mechanism;
wherein a transmitting party transmits the quantum signals to a receiving party for quantum key distribution, the quantum signals are qubits, and the receiving party shares the encryption key and the encryption mechanism with the transmitting party, further comprising:
demodulating, by the receiving party, the quantum signals into a received embedded data sequence;
generating, by the receiving party, a second pseudorandom number sequence based on said encryption key and said encryption mechanism;
determining, by the receiving party, positions of the decoy bits in the received embedded data sequence based on the second pseudorandom number sequence; and
selecting, by the receiving party, bits in the determined positions of the decoy bits from the received embedded data sequence for checking quantum bit error rate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein positions of 1 bits in the pseudorandom number sequence determine positions of the data bits in the embedded data sequence and positions of 0 bits in the pseudorandom number sequence determine positions of the decoy bits in the embedded data sequence.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
modulating classical signals by the embedded data sequence.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the encrypted data sequence is generated using at least one of AES and LFSR.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the encrypted data sequence is generated using a stream cipher.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the encrypted data sequence is generated using a block cipher.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the separate encryption key is a sequence of true random numbers.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
encrypting the embedded data sequence using a distinct encryption key and a distinct encryption mechanism to produce an encrypted data sequence.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
modulating quantum signals by the encrypted data sequence.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
modulating classical signals by the encrypted data sequence.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the encrypted data sequence is generated using at least one of AES and LFSR.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the encrypted data sequence is generated using a stream cipher.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the encrypted data sequence is generated using a block cipher.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the distinct encryption key is a sequence of true random numbers.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the sequence of decoy bits is generated in a pseudorandom manner.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the sequence of decoy bits is generated in a true random manner.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the encryption key is a sequence of true random numbers.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the embedded data sequence has a data rate greater than or equal to 90%.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the embedded data sequence has a data rate less than or equal to 0.1%.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the embedded data sequence has an adjustable data rate between 0 and 1.
21. A computer-implemented method for securing data, the method comprising:
receiving a sequence of data bits;
generating a sequence of decoy bits;
producing an embedded data sequence by embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits;
encrypting the embedded data sequence using a distinct encryption key and a distinct encryption mechanism to produce an encrypted data sequence;
modulating quantum signals by the encrypted data sequence;
demodulating, by the receiving party, the quantum signals into a received encrypted data sequence;
decrypting, by the receiving party, the received encrypted data sequence into a received embedded data sequence;
generating, by the receiving party, a second pseudorandom number sequence based on said encryption key and said encryption mechanism;
determining, by the receiving party, positions of the decoy bits in the received embedded data sequence based on the second pseudorandom number sequence; and
selecting, by the receiving party, bits in the determined positions of the decoy bits from the received embedded data sequence for checking quantum bit error rate;
wherein the embedding comprises:
generating a pseudorandom number sequence based on an encryption key and an encryption mechanism, and
embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits based on the pseudorandom number sequence to produce the embedded data sequence;
wherein a transmitting party transmits the quantum signals to a receiving party for quantum key distribution, the quantum signals are qubits, and the receiving party shares the encryption key and the encryption mechanism with the transmitting party.
22. A non-transitory computer readable medium, having stored thereon, instructions for causing a computer to perform a method comprising:
receiving a sequence of data bits;
generating a sequence of decoy bits;
producing an embedded data sequence by embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits;
modulating quantum signals by the embedded data sequence;
wherein the embedding comprises:
generating a pseudorandom number sequence based on an encryption key and an encryption mechanism; and
embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits based on the pseudorandom number sequence to produce the embedded data sequence;
wherein the sequence of data bits is an encrypted data sequence encrypted using a separate encryption key and a separate encryption mechanism;
wherein a transmitting party transmits the quantum signals to a receiving party for quantum key distribution, the quantum signals are qubits, and the receiving party shares the encryption key and the encryption mechanism with the transmitting party, further comprising:
demodulating, by the receiving party, the quantum signals into a received embedded data sequence;
generating, by the receiving party, a second pseudorandom number sequence based on said encryption key and said encryption mechanism;
determining, by the receiving party, positions of the decoy bits in the received embedded data sequence based on the second pseudorandom number sequence; and
selecting, by the receiving party, bits in the determined positions of the decoy bits from the received embedded data sequence for checking quantum bit error rate.
23. A non-transitory computer readable medium, having stored thereon, instructions for causing a computer to perform a method comprising:
receiving a sequence of data bits;
generating a sequence of decoy bits;
producing an embedded data sequence by embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits;
encrypting the embedded data sequence using a distinct encryption key and a distinct encryption mechanism to produce an encrypted data sequence;
modulating quantum signals by the encrypted data sequence;
demodulating, by the receiving party, the quantum signals into a received encrypted data sequence;
decrypting, by the receiving party, the received encrypted data sequence into a received embedded data sequence;
generating, by the receiving party, a second pseudorandom number sequence based on said encryption key and said encryption mechanism;
determining, by the receiving party, positions of the decoy bits in the received embedded data sequence based on the second pseudorandom number sequence; and
selecting, by the receiving party, bits in the determined positions of the decoy bits from the received embedded data sequence for checking quantum bit error rate;
wherein the embedding comprises:
generating a pseudorandom number sequence based on an encryption key and an encryption mechanism, and
embedding the sequence of data bits among the sequence of decoy bits based on the pseudorandom number sequence to produce the embedded data sequence;
wherein a transmitting party transmits the quantum signals to a receiving party for quantum key distribution, the quantum signals are qubits, and the receiving party shares the encryption key and the encryption mechanism with the transmitting party.