Method and system for rebalancing electrolytes in a redox flow battery system

1. A method of rebalancing electrolytes in a redox flow battery system, comprising:

directing hydrogen gas in the redox flow battery system to a catalyst surface;

fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with an electrolyte comprising a metal ion at the catalyst surface; and

chemically reducing the metal ion by the hydrogen gas at the catalyst surface, while a state of charge of the electrolyte remains substantially balanced, or a pH of the electrolyte remains within a predetermined range.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring a pH of the electrolyte and supplying hydrogen from an external source in response to a change in the pH of the electrolyte.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising measuring a state of charge of the electrolyte and supplying hydrogen from an external source in response to a change in the state of charge of the electrolyte.

4. The method of claim 1 ,

wherein the redox flow battery system comprises an iron redox flow battery system, and the metal ion comprises ferric ion, ferric complexes, or a combination thereof.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redox flow battery system comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and wherein directing the hydrogen gas to the catalyst surface comprises directing the hydrogen gas to a catalyst bed in a trickle bed reactor placed in the flow path of positive and negative electrolyte, and wherein fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with the electrolyte at the catalyst surface comprises fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with the electrolyte at the catalyst bed of the trickle bed reactor.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the redox flow battery system comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and wherein directing the hydrogen gas to the catalyst surface comprises directing the hydrogen gas to a catalyst layer positioned at an electrically insulating ion conducting surface separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

7. A method of operating a redox flow battery system, comprising:

recirculating a positive electrolyte to a positive electrode;

recirculating a negative electrolyte to a negative electrode;

directing hydrogen gas to a first catalyst surface;

directing the positive electrolyte to the first catalyst surface; and

fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with the positive electrolyte at the first catalyst surface, wherein

the positive electrolyte is chemically reduced by the hydrogen gas at the first catalyst surface;

a positive electrolyte pH is maintained within a first range; and

a state of charge of the positive electrolyte and a state of charge of the negative electrolyte remain substantially constant.

8. The method of operating the redox flow battery system of claim 7 , further comprising;

measuring the positive electrolyte pH;

measuring the negative electrolyte pH; and

supplying hydrogen gas from an external source to the redox flow battery system in response to at least one of a change in the positive electrolyte pH and the negative electrolyte pH.

9. The method of operating the redox flow battery system of claim 7 , wherein directing hydrogen gas to a first catalyst surface comprises directing the hydrogen gas to a first catalyst bed in a first trickle bed reactor, and wherein fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with the positive electrolyte at the first catalyst surface comprises fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with the positive electrolyte at the first catalyst bed in the first trickle bed reactor.

10. The method of operating the redox flow battery system of claim 8 , further comprising:

directing hydrogen gas to a second catalyst bed in a second trickle bed reactor;

directing the negative electrolyte to the second catalyst bed; and

fluidly contacting the hydrogen gas with the negative electrolyte at the second catalyst bed;

wherein

the negative electrolyte is chemically reduced by the hydrogen gas at the second catalyst surface, and

a negative electrolyte pH is maintained within a second range.