Method and an apparatus for determination of blood pressure
A method and an apparatus for non-interfering blood pressure measurements, relates to an apparatus for continuously monitoring blood pressure for patients at home or at work. The apparatus includes an extra-corporal sensor for blood pressure determination with a flexible housing adapted to be attached to the body of a living being proximate to an artery, and an electronic circuit for wireless coupling to a remote transceiver in accordance with the blood pressure in the artery, the remote transceiver adapted for wireless coupling to the sensor for generation of a pressure signal in accordance with the blood pressure in the artery, and a processor connected to the remote transceiver for reception of the pressure signal and adapted to estimate systolic and diastolic pressure based on the signal.
1. A blood pressure determination sensor comprising:
a flexible housing with a lower surface and a plurality of metal sheets comprising at least a first and a second mutually isolated metal sheets, wherein the flexible housing supports the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets on the lower surface and comprises an attaching means such that when the flexible housing is attached to a body of a patient, proximate to an artery using the attaching means, the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets form plates of a capacitor with at least the artery as a dielectric between the plates;
an inductor located in the flexible housing and electrically connected to the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets such that the capacitor, formed when the flexible housing is attached to the body of the patient, and the inductor are interconnected to form a resonant circuit as an electronic sensor circuit, wherein a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit varies with a diameter of the artery in accordance with blood pressure;
a transceiver comprising a circuit, wirelessly coupled to the resonant circuit, that generates a pressure signal corresponding to variations of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit; and
a computer comprising a processor configured to record the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit of the blood pressure determination sensor from the pressure signal and perform calculations for determination of the blood pressure of the patient using the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
2. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the computer is coupled to the transceiver by wire.
3. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver is coupled to the electronic sensor circuit by capacitive couplings for generation of the pressure signal in accordance with the blood pressure in the artery, wherein the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets are electrically connected to a third metal sheet and a fourth metal sheet, respectively, for forming the capacitive couplings between the electronic sensor circuit and the transceiver.
4. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 3 , wherein the transceiver comprises a fifth metal sheet and a sixth metal sheet arranged to form the capacitive couplings to the third metal sheet and the fourth metal sheet of the electronic sensor circuit, wherein the fifth metal sheet and the third metal sheet is arranged to form a first capacitive coupling and the sixth metal sheet and the fourth metal sheet is arranged to form a second capacitive coupling.
5. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver is coupled to the electronic sensor circuit by an inductive coupling for generation of the pressure signal in accordance with the blood pressure in the artery, the transceiver is coupled to the electronic sensor circuit via the inductor or via a further inductor coupled to the first and second metal sheets.
6. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver is positioned with a distance to the electronic sensor circuit of less than 1 mm.
7. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the transceiver comprises an astable oscillator.
8. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the processor is connected to the transceiver for reception of the pressure signal and adapted to estimate systolic and diastolic pressure based on the pressure signal.
9. The blood pressure determination sensor of claim 1 , wherein the flexible housing is constructed such that damping of the resonant circuit varies with the diameter of the artery when the flexible housing is attached to the body proximate to the artery.
10. A method for determining a blood pressure of a patient, the method comprises:
providing a blood pressure determination sensor comprising a flexible housing with a lower surface, a plurality of metal sheets comprising at least a first and a second mutually isolated metal sheets supported on the lower surface, and an inductor located in the flexible housing and electrically connected to the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets;
attaching the blood pressure determination sensor to an exterior of a body of the patient, proximate to an artery, such that the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets form plates of a capacitor with at least the artery as a dielectric between the plates, the capacitor and the inductor being interconnected to form a resonant circuit as an electronic circuit, wherein a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit varies with a diameter of the artery in accordance with blood pressure;
generating a pressure signal corresponding to variations of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit; and
performing via a processor of a computer calculations for determination of the blood pressure of the patient using the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising attaching the blood pressure determination sensor using a strap to the exterior of the body of the patient.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the flexible housing is a flexible foil having a lower surface with an adhesive thereon, wherein the method further comprises attaching the blood pressure determination sensor using the adhesive to the exterior of the body of the patient.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the flexible foil supports the first and the second mutually isolated metal sheets on the lower surface.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method further comprises determining pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure from the pressure signal.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the dielectric of said capacitor comprises tissue through which field lines of said capacitor extend when extending into the artery.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein variations of the blood pressure results in variations of the diameter of the artery and the method further comprises determining variations of a capacitance of the capacitor caused by the variations of the diameter of the artery, and determining the blood pressure based on the variations of the capacitance.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein variations of the blood pressure results in variations of the diameter of the artery and the method further comprises determining variations of an inductance of the inductor caused by the variations of the diameter of the artery, and determining the blood pressure based on the inductance of the inductor.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method comprises determining a pressure signal related to the blood pressure at regular time intervals by fitting an expected blood pressure function of time to the variations of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the method further comprises attaching said blood pressure determination sensor to a wrist of the patient.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein damping of the resonant circuit varies with the diameter of the artery, the method comprises determining variations of the damping of the resonant circuit.
21. A blood pressure determination sensor comprising:
a processor;
a flexible housing having a lower surface configured to be attached to a body of a patient proximate to an artery; and
a plurality of mutually isolated metal sheets comprising at least a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet electrically connected to an inductor;
wherein the plurality of mutually isolated metal sheets and the inductor are arranged on the lower surface of the flexible housing such that, when the flexible housing is attached to the body of the patient proximate to the artery, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet form plates of a capacitor having at least the artery as a dielectric therebetween and the inductor interconnects to the capacitor forming a resonant circuit as an electronic sensor circuit;
wherein a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit varies with a diameter of the artery in accordance with blood pressure; and
wherein the processor is configured to use the resonant frequency to calculate blood pressure.
22. A method for determining a blood pressure of a patient, the method comprises:
obtaining a blood pressure determination sensor comprising a flexible housing having a lower surface attachable to an exterior of a body of the patient and a plurality of mutually isolated metal sheets comprising at least a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet electrically connected to an inductor, the plurality of mutually isolated metal sheets and the inductor are arranged on the lower surface of the flexible housing;
attaching the flexible housing of the blood pressure determination sensor to the body of the patient proximate to an artery, wherein the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet form plates of a capacitor having at least the artery as a dielectric therebetween and the inductor interconnects to the capacitor forming a resonant circuit as an electronic sensor circuit;
determining a resonant frequency of the resonant circuit that varies with a diameter of the artery in accordance with blood pressure; and
determining via a processor of a computer the blood pressure of the patient using the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.