Subcooling system with thermal storage
View Patent ↗Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward systems and method for cooling a refrigerant flow of a refrigerant circuit with a cool water flow from a cool water storage to generate a warm water flow and to cool the refrigerant flow by a subcooling temperature difference, flowing the warm water flow to the cool water storage, and thermally isolating the warm water flow from the cool water flow in the cool water storage.
1. A system, comprising:
a refrigerant circuit configured to flow a refrigerant, comprising:
a compressor in the refrigerant circuit;
a condenser in the refrigerant circuit;
an expansion device configured to expand the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit;
a subcooling heat exchanger disposed between the condenser and the expansion device in the refrigerant circuit; and
a cooling heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit, wherein the refrigerant flowing through the cooling heat exchanger is configured to cool a load fluid flowing through the cooling heat exchanger in a subcooling mode;
a chilled fluid pump coupled to the cooling heat exchanger, wherein the chilled fluid pump is configured to pump the load fluid from a load to the cooling heat exchanger in the subcooling mode; and
a subcooling circuit configured to flow a cooling fluid, comprising:
the subcooling heat exchanger in the subcooling circuit, wherein the cooling fluid is configured to cool the refrigerant in the subcooling heat exchanger in the subcooling mode;
a subcooling pump in the subcooling circuit, wherein the subcooling pump is configured to pump the cooling fluid from a thermal storage unit to the subcooling heat exchanger in the subcooling mode; and
the thermal storage unit configured to store the cooling fluid in the subcooling circuit;
wherein the thermal storage unit is fluidly coupled to the cooling heat exchanger in a recharge mode, the load is isolated from the cooling heat exchanger in the recharge mode, the subcooling pump is turned off in the recharge mode, the chilled fluid pump is configured to pump the cooling fluid from the thermal storage unit to the cooling heat exchanger in the recharge mode, and the thermal storage unit receives the cooling fluid from the cooling heat exchanger after the cooling fluid is cooled by the refrigerant in the cooling heat exchanger in the recharge mode.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal storage unit comprises a stratified cooling fluid tank.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal storage unit comprises a cooling fluid tank comprising a moveable partition defining a first reservoir and a second reservoir of the cooling fluid tank.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the moveable partition comprises:
an insulation layer;
a weight coupled to the insulation layer; and
a liner coupled to the insulation layer and the cooling fluid tank, wherein the liner forms a watertight seal between the first reservoir and the second reservoir.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein a flow rate of the cooling fluid is such that an increase in temperature of the cooling fluid across the subcooling heat exchanger is approximately equal to a decrease in temperature of the refrigerant across the subcooling heat exchanger.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein an effectiveness of the subcooling heat exchanger is greater than approximately 90 percent.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the subcooling heat exchanger comprises a multi-pass brazed-plate heat exchanger that approximates counterflow between the refrigerant and the cooling fluid.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal storage unit comprises a subterranean ground loop.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the thermal storage unit comprises:
a first tank configured to supply a cold cooling fluid to the subcooling pump;
a second tank configured to receive a warm cooling fluid from the subcooling heat exchanger; and
a third tank fluidly coupled to the first tank and to the second tank, wherein the third tank is configured to cool warm cooling fluid received from the second tank into the cold cooling fluid, to provide the cold cooling fluid to the first tank, and to thermally isolate the cold cooling fluid in the first tank from the warm cooling fluid in the second tank.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cooling heat exchanger is configured to cool a chilled water flow with the refrigerant, and the chilled water flow is supplied to a cooling load.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the subcooling pump is coupled to a bottom of the thermal storage unit, wherein in the subcooling mode, the subcooling pump is configured to flow the cooling fluid to the subcooling heat exchanger from the bottom of the thermal storage unit, through the subcooling heat exchanger, and to a top of the thermal storage unit.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein during the recharge mode the chilled fluid pump is configured to pump the cooling fluid through the cooling heat exchanger at a tank pressure of the thermal storage unit, and during the subcooling mode the chilled fluid pump is configured to pump the load fluid through the cooling heat exchanger at a load pressure different than the tank pressure.