Cyclic implant perfusion, cleaning and passivation process and implant produced thereby
This invention is a novel method for perfusion of a porous implant which achieves efficient interpenetration of desired factors into and removal of undesirable factors from the pores of the implant, cleaning of the implant, efficient passivation of the implant (inactivation of pathogens, microorganisms, cells, viruses and the like and reduction in antigenicity thereof), and the novel implant produced by such treatment. The process presents a system wherein the rate of pressure cycling, the fact of pressure cycling, and the amplitude of pressure cycling, results in highly cleaned tissues and other implants for implantation. Target decontamination goals for this process include between about a one (1) to twelve (12) log reduction in bacterial contamination, between about a one (1) to fifteen (15) log reduction in enveloped virus contamination, up to about a five (5) log reduction in non-enveloped virus contamination, between about a two (2) to ten (10) fold reduction in endotoxin, maintenance of implant or graft biologic and biomechanical properties, absence of tissue toxicity due to cleaning solutions used, and reduced implant antigenicity.
1. A method for producing a cleaned allograft or xenograft tissue implant by perfusion of cleaning solutions comprising:
machine dimensioning an allograft or xenograft tissue implant to achieve final implant dimensions;
placing said implant in a sealed vessel; and
exposing said implant to three or more different cleaning solutions in series;
wherein said three or more different cleaning solutions comprise, respectively:
a) a detergent solution; b) a water-miscible alcohol; and c) a hydrogen peroxide solution; and further wherein oscillating fluid pressure is used during at least a part of said exposing step.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the implant produced is suitable for implantation or processing for implantation in humans.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tissue comprises at least one of the following: cortical bone, cancellous bone, fascia, whole joint, tendon, ligament, dura, pericardia, heart valve, vein, neural tissue, submucosal tissue, cartilage, or combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said tissue comprises at least one of the following: cortical bone or cancellous bone, or combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said tissue comprises at least one of the following: fascia, whole joint, tendon, ligament, dura, pericardia, heart valve, vein, neural tissue, submucosal tissue, or cartilage, or combinations thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said implant is made from tissue derived from a single donor.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said implant is made from tissue derived from a pool of donor tissues.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing said cleaned tissue implant into a sterile, sealable package.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising performing a surface decontamination step prior to sealing said package.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the implant is perfused or coated with a bioactive substance.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said bioactive substance is a drug or a growth factor.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said growth factor is a bone morphogenetic protein, tissue growth factor beta or a member of the tissue growth factor beta family of growth factors, cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins I or II or both, a cartilage derived growth factor, an angiogenic factor, or platelet derived growth factor.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining the temperature between about 35-40 degrees centigrade during the exposing step.