Double-sealed fuel rod end plug for ceramic-containing cladding
The invention relates to sealing a fuel rod composite cladding tube composed of silicon carbide regardless of the fuel rod cladding design architecture (e.g., monolithic, duplex with monolithic SiC on the inside and a composite made with SiC fibers and SiC matrix on the outside) preferably with sealed SiC end plug caps, additionally sealed with an interior braze and exterior SiC final coating, thus providing a double sealed end plug barrier effective at retaining gas tightness and providing mechanical strength for the sealed end joint while providing high chemical resistance.
1. A method of sealing a ceramic-containing cladding of a nuclear fuel rod in a core of a nuclear water reactor, comprising:
providing the ceramic-containing cladding which comprises:
a tubular wall having an interior surface and an exterior surface;
a cavity formed by the tubular wall;
an end;
an opening formed in the end; and
an interior diameter;
providing an end plug, comprising:
a top surface;
an opposing bottom surface;
an exterior surface extending between the top and bottom surfaces; and
an exterior diameter,
wherein, the interior diameter of the ceramic-containing cladding is greater than the exterior diameter of the end plug, such as to form a gap there between;
inserting the end plug into the opening in the end of the ceramic-containing cladding,
wherein, the bottom surface of the end plug is positioned within a portion of the cavity and the top surface forms an end face of the ceramic-containing cladding;
positioning a brazing material in at least a portion of the gap;
heating the brazing material to a temperature at or above a thermal cure temperature of the brazing material to form a thermally cured brazing material;
forming a first seal with the thermally cured brazing material between the exterior surface of the end plug and the interior surface of the ceramic-containing cladding; and
forming a second seal on the end of the ceramic-containing cladding, comprising:
depositing a coating which comprises SiC on the top surface of the end plug and on at least a portion of the exterior surface of the ceramic-containing cladding;
enclosing entirely the top surface of the end plug with the coating; and
enclosing completely the end of the cladding with the coating.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising inserting the brazing material into a fill hole formed in the end plug.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the positioning the brazing material comprises:
depositing the brazing material onto at least one of a portion of the exterior surface of the end plug and a portion of the interior surface of the ceramic-containing cladding; and
inserting the end plug into the opening in the end of the ceramic containing cladding, such that the brazing material forms an interface between the exterior surface of the end plug and the interior surface of the ceramic-containing cladding.
4. A method of sealing an open end of a nuclear fuel rod cladding for a nuclear water reactor, comprising:
providing the cladding, comprising:
a material including silicon carbide;
an end;
an opening in the end;
a tubular wall having an internal surface and an external surface;
an internal cavity formed by the tubular wall; and
an internal diameter,
wherein, nuclear fuel is disposed within the internal cavity;
providing an end plug, comprising:
a top surface;
an opposing bottom surface;
an external surface extending between the top and bottom surfaces; and
an external diameter,
wherein, the internal diameter of the ceramic-containing cladding is greater than the external diameter of the end plug;
providing a brazing composition;
applying the brazing composition to contact at least a portion of both of the external surface of the end plug and the internal surface of the cladding;
applying heat to the brazing composition to form a thermally cured brazing composition;
inserting the end plug with the thermally cured brazing composition into the opening in the end, the bottom surface being positioned inside a portion of the internal cavity and the top surface forming a closed end of the cladding, wherein the thermally cured brazing composition forms a first seal between the internal surface of the cladding and the external surface of the end plug; and
forming a second seal on the end of the ceramic-containing cladding, comprising:
applying a SiC-containing coating to the top surface of the end plug inserted in the opening in the end, and at least a portion of the external surface of the cladding;
enclosing entirely the top surface of the end plug with the coating; and
enclosing completely the end of the cladding with the coating.
5. A tubular ceramic composite cladding for a nuclear water reactor, comprising:
the cladding, comprising:
a material including silicon carbide;
an end;
a tubular wall having an internal surface and an external surface;
an internal cavity formed by the tubular wall; and
an internal diameter,
wherein, nuclear fuel is disposed within the internal cavity;
an end plug, comprising:
a top surface;
an opposing bottom surface;
an external surface extending between the top and bottom surfaces; and
an external diameter,
wherein, the internal diameter of the ceramic-containing cladding is greater than the external diameter of the end plug;
a space formed between the external surface of the end plug and the internal surface of the cladding;
a first seal, comprising:
a thermally cured brazing composition applied to at least one of a portion of the external surface of the end plug and a portion of the internal surface of the ceramic-containing cladding,
wherein the thermally cured brazing composition fills the space; and
a second seal, comprising:
a SiC-containing coating on the top surface of the end plug that is inserted in the end of the cladding and forms an end face, and extends over at least a portion of the external surface of the cladding, to enclose entirely the top surface of the end plug and enclose completely the end of the cladding with the coating.