Security device using liquid crystals
The invention generally relates to optically variable devices, methods of preparation and applications or uses therefor. In particular, the invention includes trigger molecules employed as a dopant for a liquid crystal material. The liquid crystal material contains helical elements having a natural twist. The dopant is effective to change the natural twist of the helical elements when the dopant is addressed with incident light. Suitable dopants are selected from binaphthalene and derivatives thereof.
1. A dopant for a liquid crystal material which contains helical elements having a natural twist, the dopant effective to change the natural twist of the helical elements when addressed with incident light, the dopant comprising at least one trigger molecule having a structure selected from the group consisting of Formulas A, A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , 1, 2, 3 and mixtures thereof:
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is independently H, aryl or alkyl, linked directly or as ethers or esters, to confer solubility and modulate twisting power, each of X and Y is independently O, O(CH 2 ) 3 O—, O(CH 2 ) 4 O— or O(CH 2 ) 6 O—, and P is acrylate, methacrylate or styrene.
2. The dopant of claim 1 , wherein the at least one trigger molecule has the structure of the fbrmuia 3 wherein X is O(CH 2 ) 6 O—.
3. The dopant of claim 1 , wherein the change in the natural twist of the helical elements can be dependent on wavelength of the incident light, intensity of the incident light and time of exposure to the incident light.
4. The dopant of claim 1 , wherein the incident light is provided by a light source selected from the group consisting of a lamp, light emitting diode, laser and combinations thereof.
5. An optically variable device, comprising:
a substrate;
a composition deposited on at east a portion of the substrate to form a layer thereon, the composition comprising:
a liquid crystal material; and
a dopant containing at least one trigger molecule having a structure selected from the group consisting of Formulas A, A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , 1, 2, 3 and mixtures thereof:
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is independently H, aryl or alkyl, linked directly or as ethers or esters, to confer solubility and modulate twisting power, each of X and Y is independently O, O(CH 2 ) 3 O—,O(CH 2 ) 4 O— or O(CH 2 ) 6 )—, and P is acrylate, methacrylate or styrene.
6. The optically variable device of claim 5 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of polyester and polyester-containing materials.
7. The optically variable device of claim 5 , wherein multiple color effects are visible by the naked eye when viewed at one or more angles.
8. A method of preparing an optically variable device, comprising:
providing a substrate;
depositing a composition on at least a portion of the substrate to form a layer thereon, the composition comprising:
a liquid crystal material; and
a dopant containing at least one trigger molecule having a structure selected from Formulas A, A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , 1, 2, 3 and mixtures thereof:
wherein each of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is independently H, aryl or alkyl, linked directly or as ethers or esters, to confer solubility and modulate twisting power, each of X and Y is independently O, O(CH 2 ) 3 O—, O(CH 2 ) 4 O—or O(CH 2 ) 6 O—, and P is acrylate, methacrylate or styrene;
aligning the layer;
addressing the dopant in the layer to induce a chiral twist therein, wherein addressing comprises exposing the dopant in the layer to incident light; and
curing the layer to fix said chiral twist.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising varying at least one of wavelength of the incident light, intensity of the incident light and exposure time to the incident light, to obtain a desired twist in the layer.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein depositing the composition is conducted by methods selected from the group consisting of layer and printing.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein curing is conducted by polymerization of the layer.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the addressing is conducted by employing fixed masks with a flood light source.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the addressing is conducted by employing a variable scanning light source.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the addressing is conducted at a wavelength that is different from the wavelength employed for the curing.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the wavelength employed for the curing is about 360 nm or about 260 nm.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein a photoinitiator is used for the curing and the wavelength employed is between about 200 to about 600 nm.