Friction apparatus and method for measuring lubricity of downhole fluids
A lubricity testing apparatus may have a first surface configured for moving against a second surface, a second surface, a measurement device in communication with the first surface, and an actuator in communication with the first surface. A fluid may be circulated about or over at least one of the surfaces. The measurement device may measure at least one force encountered when the first surface moves against the second surface. The actuator may move the first surface against the second surface. At least one force related to the first surface may be measured as the first surface moves against the second surface to determine the lubricity of the fluid.
1. A lubricity testing apparatus comprising:
a first surface configured for moving against a second surface, wherein the first surface is a real or simulated coiled tubing surface;
a second surface different from the first surface, wherein the second surface is a real or simulated surface selected from the group consisting of a well casing and a well completion;
a measurement device in communication with the first surface for measuring at least one force encountered when the first surface moves against the second surface; and
an actuator in communication with the first surface for moving one of the surfaces against the other surface.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first heating element disposed between the first surface and the second surface.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first heating element comprises a first temperature sensor.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a fluid pump in fluid communication with at least one of the surfaces.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a first temperature sensor disposed on at least one of the surfaces.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the measurement device contacts the first surface, the second surface, and combinations thereof.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first surface is selected from the group consisting of a suspended surface, a non-suspended surface, and combinations thereof.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the measurement device further comprises at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor, a weight sensor, a speed sensor, and combinations thereof.
9. A lubricity testing system comprising:
a lubricity testing apparatus comprising:
a non-suspended surface configured for moving against a suspended surface;
a suspended surface suspended above the non-suspended surface by a suspending device; and
an actuator in communication with at least one of the surfaces configured for moving the surfaces against each other;
where the non-suspended surface is a coiled tubing surface and
where the suspended surface is selected from the group consisting of a well casing and a well completion; and
a measurement device in communication with the lubricity testing apparatus for measuring at least one force encountered when the surfaces move against each other; and
a user device in communication with the measuring device to record data obtained from the measuring device.
10. The system of claim 9 , further comprising a first heating element in contact with the lubricity testing apparatus.
11. The system of claim 9 , further comprising a fluid pump in fluid communication with the lubricity testing apparatus.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the suspending device comprises the measurement device.
13. The system of claim 9 , wherein the suspending device further comprises at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor, a weight sensor, a speed sensor, and combinations thereof.
14. The system of claim 9 , wherein the lubricity testing apparatus further comprises a first temperature sensor disposed on at least one of the surfaces.
15. The system of claim 9 , wherein the measurement device further comprises at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of a temperature sensor, a weight sensor, a speed sensor, and combinations thereof.
16. A method for determining the lubricity of a fluid comprising:
moving a first surface against a second surface different from the first surface, where the first surface is a real or simulated coiled tubing surface and the second surface is a real or simulated surface selected from the group consisting of a well casing and a well completion;
circulating a fluid about at least one of the surfaces, wherein the temperature of the fluid is as high as about 500° C.;
measuring at least one force related to the first surface as the first surface is moving against the second surface; and
determining the lubricity of the fluid from the at least one measured force.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein an apparatus is enclosed within an enclosure, where the apparatus comprises the first surface, the second surface, and the fluid, where in the method the fluid would evaporate and where the method further comprises applying a pressure to the fluid as high as about 10,000 psi, and the method further comprises reducing an amount of evaporated fluid as compared to an otherwise identical fluid absent the enclosure.
18. The method of claim 16 where surface roughness of the first surface and/or the second surface are specified.
19. The method of claim 16 where the first surface and/or the second surface has a surface roughness, and where the method further comprises predicting a coefficient of friction for the surface.
20. The method of claim 16 where the first surface and/or the second surface is a simulated surface with a surface roughness the same as a real surface, and where the method further comprises predicting a coefficient of friction for the real surface.