Wear protection features for corona igniter

1. A corona igniter, comprising:

an electrode extending along a central axis for emitting an electrical field that forms a corona discharge;

said electrode including a central extended member extending longitudinally along said central axis to a central firing end;

an insulator formed of an electrically insulating material disposed around said electrode and extending along said central axis to an insulator firing end;

a shell formed of a metal material disposed around said insulator;

said electrode including a crown disposed outwardly of said insulator firing end;

said crown extending radially outwardly of said central extended member to at least one firing tip; and

said crown presenting at least one first spherical radius at each firing tip, said central extended member presenting at least one second spherical radius at said central firing end, each first spherical radius being smaller than each second spherical radius.

2. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said crown includes a plurality of branches each extending to one of said firing tips, each of said firing tips having at least one of said first spherical radii each being smaller than each of said second spherical radii.

3. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said central extended member is formed of a first material and said crown is formed of a second material different from said first material, and said first material is more resistant to erosion and/or corrosion than said second material.

4. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said central extended member includes a core formed of copper or a copper alloy and a cladding formed of a nickel alloy surrounding said core, and said cladding of said central extended member presents said central firing end.

5. The corona igniter of claim 4 wherein said core has a core length extending from said top surface of said crown to a core firing end, and said core length is greater than said crown length.

6. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said central extended member includes a plurality of separate pieces joined together.

7. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said central extended member includes a body portion and a wear element connected to one another, and said wear element presents said central firing end.

8. The corona igniter of claim 7 wherein said wear element is formed of a nickel-based alloy, a noble metal, or a precious metal.

9. The corona igniter of claim 7 wherein said wear element is a coating.

10. The corona igniter of claim 7 wherein said wear element is formed of an electrically insulating material having a relative permittivity of greater than 2.

11. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said crown presents a crown diameter disposed perpendicular to said central axis, said central extended member presents an extended diameter disposed perpendicular to said central axis, and said extended diameter is less than said crown diameter.

12. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said central extended member presents an extended diameter disposed perpendicular to said central axis, and said extended diameter decreases in a direction moving from said crown toward said central firing end.

13. The corona igniter of claim 1 wherein said central extended member presents an extended diameter disposed perpendicular to said central axis, and said extended diameter increases in a direction moving from said crown toward said central firing end.

14. The corona igniter of claim 1 , wherein said crown presents a crown length parallel to said central axis between a top surface and said at least one firing tip, said central extended member presents an extended length parallel to said central axis and extending from said top surface of said crown to said central firing end, and said extended length is greater than said crown length.

15. A corona discharge ignition system, comprising:

a cylinder head presenting an opening for receiving a corona igniter;

a piston disposed opposite said cylinder head and presenting a space therebetween;

a cylinder block connected to said cylinder head and surrounding said piston;

said cylinder head and said cylinder block and said piston presenting a combustion chamber therebetween;

a corona igniter received in said opening of said cylinder head;

said corona igniter including a shell coupled to said cylinder head;

said corona igniter including an insulator formed of an electrically insulating material surrounded by said shell and extending along a central axis to an insulator firing end;

said corona igniter including an electrode surrounded by said insulator and extending along said central axis into said combustion chamber for emitting an electrical field that forms a corona discharge;

said electrode including a central extended member extending longitudinally along said central axis to a central firing end;

said electrode including a crown disposed outwardly of said insulator firing end;

said central firing end of said central extended member and said crown being disposed in said combustion chamber;

said crown including at least one branch extending radially outwardly of said central extended member;

said crown extending from a top surface to at least one firing tip;

said crown presenting a crown length between said top surface and said at least one firing tip, said crown length being parallel to said central axis;

said central extended member presenting an extended length extending from said top surface of said crown to said central firing end, said extended length being parallel to said central axis; and

said extended length being greater than said crown length; and

said crown presenting at least one first spherical radius at each of said firing tips, said central extended member presenting at least one second spherical radius at said central firing end, each of said first spherical radii being smaller than each of said second spherical radii.

16. A method of manufacturing a corona igniter for use in a corona discharge system comprising:

a cylinder head for receiving the corona igniter, a piston disposed opposite the cylinder head for moving toward and away from the cylinder head, a cylinder block connected to the cylinder head and surrounding the piston such that the cylinder head and the cylinder block and the piston present a combustion chamber therebetween;

the corona igniter including a shell received in the cylinder head, an insulator formed of an electrically insulating material surrounded by the shell and extending along a central axis to an insulator firing end, an electrode surrounded by the insulator and extending along the central axis, the electrode including a central extended member extending longitudinally along the central axis to a central firing end, the central extended member presenting at least one second spherical radius at said central firing end, the electrode including a crown disposed outwardly of the insulator firing end and extending radially outwardly of the central extended member to at least one firing tip, the crown presenting at least one first spherical radius at each firing tip; and

the method comprising the step of: providing the central extended member and the crown so that each first spherical radius is smaller than each second spherical radius.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of providing the central extended member so that the extended length is greater than the crown length includes: (a) identifying the firing tip of the crown which is closest to the cylinder block when the corona igniter is received in the cylinder head during operation; (b) determining a point during movement of the piston where a distance from the firing tip identified in step (a) to the cylinder block is equal to a distance from the firing tip identified in step (a) to the piston; (c) selecting the extended length of the central extended member such that when power is provided to the electrode and when the firing tip identified in step (a) is at the point identified in step (b), the peak electric field at the central firing end of the central extended member is equal to or greater than the peak electric field at the firing tip identified in step (a).

18. The method of claim 17 including adjusting the extended length of the central extended member to space the central firing end of the central extended member farther from the cylinder block and/or the piston.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the each of the firing tips of the crown present at least one first spherical radius, the central firing end of the central extended member presents at least one second spherical radius, and the method further comprises: (d) selecting the at least one first spherical radius for each of the firing tips of the crown and selecting the at least one second spherical radius for the central firing end of the central extended member such that the at least one first spherical radius of each of the firing tips is smaller than each of the at least one second spherical radius of the central extended member.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the peak electric field at the firing tip identified in step (a) at the point identified in step (b) is at least 25% higher than the peak electrode field at the central firing end of the central extended member when power is provided to the electrode and when the firing tip identified in step (a) and the central firing end of the central extended member are spaced from the cylinder block and the piston and when a corona discharge is provided from the crown.

21. The method of claim 16 , wherein the crown presents a crown length parallel to the central axis between a top surface and the at least one firing tip, the central extended member presents an extended length parallel to the central axis and extending from the top surface of the crown to the central firing end, and including the step of providing the central extended member so that extended length is greater than said crown length.

22. A method of manufacturing a corona igniter for use in a corona discharge system comprising the steps of:

providing a corona igniter including an electrode extending along a central axis,

the electrode including a central extended member extending longitudinally along the central axis to a central firing end,

the electrode including a crown, the crown extending from a top surface to at least one firing tip,

the at least one firing tip being located radially outwardly of the central extended member,

each of the at least one firing tip of the crown presenting at least one first spherical radius,

the central firing end of the central extended member presenting at least one second spherical radius; and

selecting the at least one first spherical radius for the at least one firing tip of the crown and selecting the at least one second spherical radius for the central firing end of the central extended member such that an electric field at at least one of the at least one firing tip is higher than the electric field at the central firing end of the central extended member when power is provided to the electrode.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the crown presents a crown length parallel to the central axis between the top surface and the at least one firing tip, the central extended member presents an extended length parallel to the central axis and extending from the top surface of the crown to the central firing end, and the extended length of the central extended member is greater than the crown length.

24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the crown extends from a top surface to a bottom surface at the central axis, and the central firing end is disposed longitudinally past the bottom surface at the central axis.

25. A corona igniter for use in a corona discharge system comprising:

an electrode extending along a central axis,

said electrode including a central extended member extending longitudinally along said central axis to a central firing end,

said electrode including a crown, said crown extending from a top surface to at least one firing tip,

said at least one firing tip being located radially outwardly of said central extended member,

each of said at least one firing tip of said crown presenting at least one first spherical radius,

said central firing end of said central extended member presenting at least one second spherical radius; and

said at least one first spherical radius of said at least one firing tip of said crown and said at least one second spherical radius of said central firing end of said central extended member are selected such that an electric field at at least one of said at least one firing tip is higher than the electric field at said central firing end of said central extended member when power is provided to said electrode.

26. The corona igniter of claim 25 , wherein said crown presents a crown length parallel to said central axis between said top surface and said at least one firing tip, said central extended member presents an extended length parallel to said central axis and extending from said top surface of said crown to said central firing end, said extended length of said central extended member being greater than said crown length.

27. The corona igniter of claim 25 , wherein said crown extends from a top surface to a bottom surface at said central axis, and said central firing end is disposed longitudinally past said bottom surface at said central axis.