Centrifugal casting method and apparatus
View Patent ↗A method and apparatus for centrifugal casting, in which transfer functions are developed relating the fluidity of molten metal, for example iron of varying composition, to casting machine movement for a particular mold in order to cast objects, for example pipe, having desired and uniform characteristics, including wall thickness. Fluidity is calculated for each pour of molten metal based on the measured pour temperature and measured liquidus arrest temperature. A drive system controlled by a programmable logic controller moves the casting machine in accordance with the output of the transfer functions based on the calculated fluidity.
1. An apparatus for centrifugally casting an object from molten metal, said molten metal having a liquidus arrest temperature and, when poured, a pour temperature, comprising
a rotating mold;
a trough positioned to receive poured molten metal;
a drive system coupled to at least one of said trough or mold;
a controller for controlling said drive system;
a computer programmed with a transfer function relating fluidity calculated from a measured liquidus arrest temperature and a measured pour temperature to control of said drive system to provide prescribed movement of said mold and said trough relative to one another, said computer in communication with said controller;
a first temperature sensor positioned to measure said liquidus arrest temperature of said molten metal and operable to communicate said measured liquidus arrest temperature to said computer; and
a second temperature sensor positioned to measure said pour temperature of said molten metal and operable to communicate said measured pour temperature to said computer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said drive system comprises actuators to move said mold or said trough back and forth within a fixed range of motion.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said actuators comprise hydraulics, electrical motors, a belt or chain-drive linkage to an engine.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein both said trough and said mold are moved relative to one another.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said first temperature sensor is a thermocouple.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein said thermocouple comprises a disposable cup.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said second temperature sensor is a dual color infrared pyrometer.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said controller is a programmable logic controller that receives commands from said computer.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said trough is angled downward towards said mold and extends axially into the interior of the mold.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said container is a machine ladle.
11. An apparatus for centrifugally casting an object from molten metal, said molten metal having a liquidus arrest temperature and, when poured, a pour temperature, comprising
a rotating mold;
a trough positioned to receive poured molten metal;
a drive system coupled to at least one of said trough or mold;
a programmable logic controller for controlling said drive system;
a computer programmed with a transfer function relating fluidity calculated from a measured liquidus arrest temperature and a measured pour temperature to control of said drive system to provide prescribed movement of said mold and said trough relative to one another, said computer in communication with said controller;
a cup comprising a thermocouple positioned to measure said liquidus arrest temperature of said molten metal and operable to communicate said measured liquidus arrest temperature to said computer; and
a pyrometer positioned to measure said pour temperature of said molten metal and operable to communicate said measured pour temperature to said computer.
12. An apparatus for centrifugally casting an object from molten metal, said molten metal having a liquidus arrest temperature and, when poured, a pour temperature, comprising
a rotating mold;
a trough for receiving molten metal poured from a container and delivering molten metal into said mold;
a means for moving said mold and said trough relative to one another;
a means for controlling the movement of said mold and said trough;
a means for programming the control of said mold and said trough to provide prescribed movement of said mold and trough relative to one another, said programming means programmed with a transfer function relating fluidity calculated from a measured liquidus arrest temperature and a measured pour temperature to said means for moving said mold and trough relative to one another;
a means for measuring said liquidus arrest temperature of said molten metal, said measuring means being in communication with said programming means;
a means for measuring said pour temperature of said molten metal, said measuring means being in communication with said programming means.